In the corner of the relativity

The relativity is the part dela physical, about that big part dela the people think on having spoken about modern physics but, actually, it is not so modern. The theory of the restricted relativity was published by Albert Einstein in 1905, but two centuries before, a beginning of the relativity already existed in the mechanics of Galileo and Newton.

Artistic drawing on the theory of the relativity, source of imade of mastery of Wikimedia Commons

In the systems inerciales, there is fulfilled the law of Newton's inertia, the difference between the beginning of relativity of Galileo-Newton and Einstein, whereas the first ones the first one was making sure, that there is no way of distinguishing by means of an experience mechanics if a system inercial, he is at rest or in rectilinear and uniform movement, the second one extends this one disabled of distinction to all physical experience be mechanical or not. Einstein had to add the second beginning, where the impassable one of the speed of the light, to be able to explain should be done and support his theory of the relativity, in effect later experiments demonstrated, that the speed c, a the one that moves herself the light in the gap, is a speed border, where no material body or quantity of energy, which moves at speeds lower than this value with regard to a system will be able to move in relation to another system inercial at the top speeds, nor to accelerate up to overcoming the limit.

The effects of the relativity of Einstein are translated in a decrease in the measurements of length and time and increase of the mass according to the speed of the movement, although these results seem incredible, actually they are not surprising if they accept the beginning of the relativity, he penetrates to understanding, that they mean the measured magnitudes. That the mass of a body increases it does not mean, that this one instead of 10 atoms, pass to have 12, but actually the mechanical measurement of the mass is anything any more than that, it is the measurement of the inertia of the body and of the resistance, which experiments to being intensive.

Reproduction of a cone of light, in which there are represented two spatial dimensions and temporary one (axis of arranged). The observer is located as you go basis, whereas the absolute future and the past come represented on the low and top parts of the temporary axis. The corresponding plane to t = 0 is named a plane of simultaneity or hypersurface of present (also so-called ' diagram of Minkowski '). The events placed inside the cones are linked to the observer by temporary intervals. Those who are located it was, for spatial intervals, a source of image of mastery of Wikimedia Commons

If the speed of a body cannot overcome the value limit of the speed of the light in the gap, only it has two ways, to increase his speed of a uniform way up to reaching the limit, then to stay constant or to increase the speed with major difficulties to measurements, which one brings over to the limit. To justify the first case, the mass stays constant along the process up to, that of sudden form, turns in infinite of way, that the body they cannot keep on being intensive, the second case the mass grows in a constant and progressive way, tends of forming continues towards the same value of infinite, to which it will never come. To manage to accelerate a body it will have to do a force, which, on having covered a space in this process, realizes a work and extends the energy of the particles, nevertheless every time it produces a minor increase of the speed, for the same trip. The excess of work, on the one hand it increases the mass, for route of the increase of mass and not dela speed, the kinetic energy, in this process it is a step of energy of mass, which does according to it the most known delas equations of the relativity: And = mc2, the theory of the relativity is that the location of the physical events, both in the time and in the space, they are relative to the state of movement of the observer: this way, the length of an object in movement or the moment in which something happens, in contrast to what it happens in mechanics newtoniana, them are not unvariants absolute, and different observers in relative movement between yes will differ with regard to them (the lengths and the temporary intervals, in relativity they are relative and not absolute).

In this phenomenon of this theory also it happens, describes the physics of the movement in the frame of a flat space - time. This theory describes correctly the movement of the bodies even at big speeds and his electromagnetic interactions, is used basically to study systems of reference inerciales (it is not applicable for problems astrophysicists where the gravitational field redeems an important role).

In several cross-checks in the accelerators of particles it increases his mass to measurement, which grows his speed is the strong time of fear due to the nuclear energy and of hope thanks to the nuclear merger. The void intervals can be represented in the shape of cone of light, popularized by the most famous book of Stephen Hawking, History of the Time, be a placed observer as you go basis, the absolute future (the events that will be perceived by the individual) despliega in the top part of the axis of arranged, the absolute past (the events that have been already perceived by the individual) in the low part, and the present perceived by the observer in the point 0.

Artistic representation of the explosion of the supernova SN 2006gy, placed to 238 million light years. Of the beginning of action is valid at a distance, the perturbations of gravitational origin of this explosion would affect us immediately, later they would come to us from electromagnetic origin, which are transmitted to the speed of the light, source of image of mastery of Wikimedia Commons

The events that are out of the cone of light do not affect us, and therefore it is said about them that they are placed in zones of the space - time that do not have relation of causality with ours, since the beginning of equivalence between the system accelerated and the gravitational fields it allowed him to justify the identity between the inert mass and the gravitational one, which with the time took him to think, that the gravity was curling in the space - time, then this reference turned into the law of the gravitation of Einstein, it was confirmed on having verified, that the beams of the light bow on having happened next to gravitational, important mass and on having explained with major precision than up to that moment the movements of Mercury.

The proper time and the interval they are related by means of the following equivalence: c d τ = d s, that is to say, the interval is equal to the local time multiplied by the speed of the light. One of the characteristics both of the local time and of the interval is his unvariance before the transformations of coordinated, be which is our point of reference, be which is our speed, the interval between a certain event and we remains unvariant.

	Comparison of the philosophy of the Relativity
1. Galileo – Newton.	The mechanics was looking like a science perfectly established and solved from the time of Newton, it was only a question of extracting all the consequences of the beginning and of looking for new applications, which can predict coincidences with the reality, at least in the measurement that allows the work with the idealizations and simplified realities.
2. Albert Einstein	Pero the formulations of Einstein, tends to generate the laws to all physics and to privileged not observers, they led it to creating the spatial relativity, which the physics revolutionized with a theory, which according to him was not any more, that a better approach to the reality. The basic beginning of the relativity implies, that the light has a speed limit, which cannot be exceeded, the mass happens to depend on the speed increasing to measurement, that we approach at the speed of the light, on having reached this one, becomes infinite. The interpretation is that the bodies offer a major resistance, like the mass inercial, considering to being accelerated by the same force to measurement, which his speed increases.

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