The Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded to a woman for the primary time in 55 years.
Donna Strickland, from Canada, is best the 1/3 girl winner of the award, together with Marie Curie, who won in 1903, and Maria Goeppert-Mayer, who used to be awarded the prize in 1963.
Dr Strickland shares this yr's prize with Arthur Ashkin, from the us, and Gerard Mourou, from France.
It recognises their discoveries in the field of laser physics
The award comes a couple of days after a physicist gave a "particularly offensive" lecture at the Cern particle physics laboratory in Geneva where he said that physics had been "developed via guys" and that male scientists had been being discriminated towards.
Dr Ashkin developed a laser technique described as optical tweezers, which is used to be taught organic systems.
Drs Mourou and Strickland paved the way for the shortest and most excessive laser pulses ever created. They developed a manner called Chirped Pulse Amplification (CPA). It has found makes use of in laser medication concentrating on cancer and within the thousands of corrective laser eye surgeries which can be performed every 12 months.
The last lady to win the physics prize, German-born American physicist Maria Goeppert-Mayer, took the prize for her discoveries concerning the nuclei of atoms.
Polish-born physicist Marie Curie shared the 1903 award with her husband Pierre Curie and Antoine Henri Becquerel for their study into radioactivity.
The award is worth a complete of 9 million Swedish kronor (£770,686; $998,618).
Reacting to her win, Dr Strickland, who is headquartered on the university of Waterloo in Canada, mentioned: "to start with you ought to think it's crazy, so that used to be my first suggestion. And also you do continually marvel if it is actual.
"as far as sharing it with Gerard, of direction he was my supervisor and mentor and he has taken CPA to first-class heights so he absolutely deserves this award. And i am so completely happy artwork Ashkin also gained."
She delivered: "I suppose that he made so many discoveries early on that other humans have executed quality matters with that it's wonderful that he is in the end known."
In a statement, the American Institute of Physics (AIP) provided its congratulations to all of the winners, adding: "The numerous purposes made possible through their work, like laser eye surgical procedure, high-power pettawat lasers, and the ability to lure and be taught individual viruses and bacteria, best promise to increase going ahead.
"it is also a personal delight to peer Dr Strickland break the 55-12 months hiatus for the reason that a girl has been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics, making this 12 months's award the entire extra historical."