Here I bring you the theory of universal grammar with explanations of the technical words:
Universal grammar is a linguistic theory (here I make an explanation of what is the linguistic, La lingüística (del francés linguistique; este de linguiste, «lingüista» y aquel del latín "lingua", «lengua») es el estudio científico tanto de la estructura de las lenguas naturales y de aspectos relacionados con ellas como de su evolución histórica, de su estructura interna y del conocimiento que los hablantes poseen de su propia lengua (esto último es particularmente cierto en el enfoque generativista).
of the transformational and generative school that affirms that certain principles common to all natural languages underlie. In this theory it is said that these principles are innate within our human condition and goes beyond the notional grammar of Jespersen, of which he is heir. brief explanation of national grammar "A notional grammar is one that is based on the existence of universal categories in languages. These characteristics would be above the particular characteristics of each language".
This theory does not claim that all natural languages have the same grammar, or that all humans are "programmed" with a structure that underlies all expressions of human languages, but there are a series of rules that help children to acquire your mother tongue.
Those who study universal grammar have the purpose of abstracting generalizations common to different languages, often in the following way: "If X is true, then Y occurs". This study has been extended to numerous linguistic disciplines, such as phonology and psycholinguistics.
Explanation of phonology and psycholinguistics: Phonology is the component of linguistics that studies the way in which the system works for the sounds of the language in general, and of each language in particular, including phonemes, syllables, intonation, accentuation, etc., to an abstract or mental level. This system is called the phonological level, and is complemented by the morphological levels (internal structure of words), syntactic (interaction between words) and semantic or lexical (meanings).
Psycholinguistics is a branch of psychology interested in how the human species acquires the language and cognitive mechanisms that intervene in the processing of linguistic information. For this purpose, it studies the psychological and neurological factors that enable humans to acquire and deteriorate it, use, comprehension, language production and its cognitive and communicative functions.
Two linguists who have had considerable influence in this area, either directly or through the school they have promoted, are Noam Chomsky and Richard Montague.
The argument, said synthetically, is the following: if human beings that grow and develop under normal conditions (that is, not in extreme conditions of any kind), they always develop a language with an X property (which could be, for example, distinguish between nouns and verbs, or distinguish functional words and lexical words), then it can be induced that property X is not part of a particular grammar, but is part of the so-called universal grammar.
The universal grammar, in this way, is a powerful concept that is full of repercussions, and not exempt from certain difficulties of definition. In general, it could be said that universal grammar would be the set of grammatical properties that a human brain developed under conditions of normality; or, in other words, a property of the human brain that enables it to develop a certain set of rules and grammatical content, provided that its development occurs in non-extreme conditions.
Noam Chomsky himself argued that the human brain contains a limited set of rules to organize its knowledge of language. Therefore, it is possible to think that all languages have a basic common structure, and to that structure Chomsky applied the label of "universal grammar".
Thus, speakers who master a certain language know perfectly what expressions are acceptable in that language and what expressions are not. The key to the Chomskian study is, therefore, the following: how is it possible that these speakers can come to know the restrictions of their language, if they have never learned the expressions that violate these restrictions? In effect, this absence of negative evidence for certain grammatical structures does not prevent speakers from assuming them as such, as a-grammatical elements, in a natural way. This irrefutable fact allowed Chomsky to establish that, beyond superficial differences in the organization of words that exist between different languages, all languages share a deep structure that is natural, that is, part of the same human brain .
However, Chomskian theory has as its central theme the recursion as something intrinsic to human language and, all this contradicts Professor Daniel L Everett years later, who questions the fact that recursion is common to all languages, based on his studies on the pirahã language.
explanation of what the language is, the pirahã language; (also written pirahá or pirahán, Portuguese: pirarrã, in pirahã xapaitíiso [ʔàpài̯ʧîːsò]) is spoken by the town of the same name (Hi'aiti'ihi 'in its own language, "the erect ones"). They live in Brazil, along the Maici River, one of the tributaries of the Amazon River.
link: https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A1tica_universal