As an Acehnese people, looking closely at what is happening on earth once nicknamed Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (now Aceh), is a country of a thousand stories. Where the international community once highlighted the province because of some "extraordinary" events that hit Aceh. Here are some of them.
Prolonged Conflict Nearly Three Decades.
In the declaration of the Free Aceh Movement for the first time in declaration on 4 December 1976 as an affiliation of the Darul Islam movement which was once coined by Muhammad Daud Beureueh one of the great ulema of Aceh at that time has caused many things happening, their dissatisfaction over the government of the Republic of Indonesia when it has established a disharmony with the government resulting in conflict between the two parties, so that brkepanganangan conflict arises at the expense of many lives of the people of Aceh and the Armed Forces of the Republic of Indonesia.
Earthquake and Tsunami December 26, 2004.
The earthquake and tsunami earthquake of Aceh-Nias was initially reported at 9.0 R. In February 2005 was reported a magnitude 9.3 earthquake. Although the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center has approved the figure. However, the United States Geological Survey establishes 9.1 R. (free wilkipedia source) with the highest death toll in Asia of more than 126,915, missing 37,063 less than 517,000 homeless. while the Tsunami wave height reaches a height of 30 Meters. to date 26 December is commemorated as a tsunami warning moment in Aceh.
GAM Peace Process - RI
The delegation of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia with the delegation of the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) officially signed a memorandum of understanding (peace agreement) in Helsinki, Finland, Monday, August 15, 2005. The MoU was originally scheduled to be signed at around 08:30 Helsinki time (15:30 GMT) . The meeting sponsored by former Finnish president Martti Ahtissaari, who is also president of the Crisis Management Initiative (CMI), also witnessed thousands or even millions of Acehnese people through the television broadcast on Mecca of Serambi's land with a favor that the Agreement would grant amnesty to former GAM members followed by disarmament of GAM members and the withdrawal of TNI / POLRI forces to end the three decades of conflict.
The agreement will also limit the TNI / POLRI movement in Aceh, which will be monitored by the monitoring teams of ASEAN and the European Union.
Political Dynamics of Local Party
After the signing of the Helsinki MoU, the points of agreement signed between GAM and the GoI were realized in the life of the people of Aceh, the items that are in the international spotlight are local parties (parlok) and local elections (Governors, Mayors, Regents). What is interesting about the election process is the candidate of regional head who can nominate candidates for regional head in Aceh province (formerly called Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam province) independently (non-political party).
Elections in 2009 alone will be remembered in national history as the most pluralist elections after 1955. At this election the local party is included for the Aceh electoral district. The implications of the existence of local parties in Aceh are not separated from the result of the 2005 Helsinki MoU agreement which is then translated into the Law on Governing Aceh (Law No. 11/2006 Chapter XI article 75-88) and other organic regulations (PP No 20/2007 on Local Party in Aceh and Qanun No. 7/2007 on the holding of elections in Aceh).
As a result, 6 local parties also passed the verification in accordance with the provisions of the Independent Electoral Committee (KIP). Based on juridical, the six local parties participating in the election: Partai Aceh (PA), Aceh Independent Party of Voice (SIRA), Partai Rakyat Aceh (PRA) United Atjeh (PBA), Partai Daulat Aceh (PDA), and Partai Aman Aman Sejahtera (PAAS) are legitimately legitimate. There was also a women bearer party, Partai Allian Rakyat Aceh (PARA) who was declared not graduated because they did not meet the requirements and provisions of KIP.
Of the six parties, PA is the most prominent. Formed by KPA, a socio-political organization that is nothing but the transformation of the Free Aceh Movement (GAM). Political symbols and platforms are very distinctive, a combination of new political rhetoric and clandestine-style mass organizations. The PA itself is filled by intellectuals and former combatants who are able to mobilize and ultimately win the political battle by controlling 47%, namely 33 parliamentary seats of the House of Representatives (DPRA) of 69 seats provided by the DPRA. And control the seat of the House of Representatives (DPRK) in Aceh.
Independent Candidate
Approval of independent candidates in the area of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (Article 67 paragraph 1 d of Law No. 11 of 2006 on Aceh Government increasingly coloring the political escalation in Aceh with diusungnya Candidate Governor / deputy, mayor / representative, and Regent / Deputy The decision is also an application from the results of the Helsinki Peace MoU between the Government of Indonesia and GAM, where there are things to note, namely the terms used, whether using the term independent or individual.If we are telesuri, originally this term in Law No.11 of 2006 on Aceh governance. Article 67 Paragraph (1) shall be stipulated by: (a) a political party or a coalition of political parties; (b) the candidate of the Governor / Deputy Governor, Regent / Deputy Regent, and Mayor / Deputy Mayor as referred to in Article 65 Paragraph a local political party or a combination of local political parties, (c) a combination of local political and political parties, and / or (d) an interesting individual, the irwandi-Nazar pair not carried by the party managed to surpass the candidates of the national champion who has ever victorious and charismatic as well as other politicians who follow the stock of candidates at the time.
Finally, the Constitutional Court (MK) should be bothered with the pros and cons of independent candidates because the election results in Aceh and the dynamics of politics in Aceh has made many parties in Indonesia interested to propose a material test of independent candidates, in the end also the Court has provided legal certainty through the decision of the Court .5 / PUU-V / 2007 concerning the judicial review of Law No.32 / 2004 on Regional Government against UUD NKRI 1945. The Constitutional Court granted part of a number of articles filed by the Petitioners, especially to Article 56 Paragraph (2), Article 59 Paragraph (1) , article 59 paragraph (2) and article 59 paragraph (3) of Law No.32 / 2004, which has opened the way for the submission of candidates for regional head individually. As for other articles, the Constitutional Court declared to remain in force, including the articles that make provisions of the nomination of regional heads through political parties. The Constitutional Court's decision does not recommend further regulation of individual candidates, nor does it impose transitional restrictions on the execution of decisions. The Constitutional Court is of the opinion that the KPU, pursuant to Article 8 of Law no. 22/2007 on the Implementation of General Elections, may establish rules to fill the legal blanks of individual candidate requirements.
Apparently Central and International Government Opens Eyes
In some of the dynamics of life of the people of Aceh both in social Politics, Culture and Religion have given national and international politics maturity, because the first time in the history of the involvement of local political parties and independent candidates in general election in regions in one country. Menaraiknya some areas have been running legitimacy process of the Act on independent candidates in several cities in Indonesia, including Jakarta which incidentally is the capital of the State, as well as several regions filed a judicial test to the Constitutional Court as did the politicians of Central Lombok District.
The one thing that gives the central politicians the most proconsion is the rejection of the judicial review of several articles in Law Number 42 Year 2008 regarding the General Election of President and Vice President of their Articles of Criticism, among others, Article 1 Paragraph (4), Article 8, Article 9 , Article 13 paragraph (1) of Law Number 42 Year 2008 which is considered to be contradictory to Article 27 paragraph (1), Article 28D paragraph (1) and (3), and Article 28 I Paragraph (2) jo Article 1 Paragraph 2) of the 1945 Constitution. Article 1 Paragraph (4) and Article 8 states that the Candidate Pair of President and Vice President must be a couple proposed by a Political Party or a coalition of Participating Political Parties. The article of course nullifies the hope of independent candidates to become (at least) the Presidential candidate. Then Article 9 and Article 13 Paragraph (1) also implicitly does not permit the existence of independent candidates. Notwithstanding the provisions of Law Number 42 Year 2008 are considered not contradictory to the 1945 Constitution. Article 9 The law is a legal policy or policy open laws to create a simpler multiparty system. Another basis is article 6A paragraph 2 of the 1945 Constitution which states that the presidential and vice president proposed by political party or a coalition of political parties. This is reinforced by the 20% vote in the House of Representatives and 25% of the legitimate national vote in legislative elections.
In the international level, the election process and satisfactory result of the MoU that gave birth to UUPA (some of which are still far from expectation, and now will be reviewed) which also spawned the birth of Local Political Party as well as independent candidates have managed to get positive appreciation from neighboring countries, ASEAN, the United Nations, as well as from European countries and friendly countries. others, because the world has seen first hand how the process takes place.
The most important thing is the Aceh peace process, meaning that overall the 3 decades conflict subsided, the bloodshed is no longer happening, and the people of Aceh are at peace with no trauma what has happened before. The most fundamental aspect of the Aceh peace is the adoption of peaceful resolution ideas in several conflicting countries, even being a major topic among the union organizations of States and other Asian-African countries' organizations. how Aceh's peaceful resolution can be applied to world peace.
