Metal Alloy

Hello steemian, a afew days ago i shared you about carborundum, corundum and carbon, nowday a will share about some mineral called bastnasite.

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Magnet is an object that has an attraction (magnetic field) to other metal object (ferromagnetic), the "magnetic" word comes from Greek "Magnitis Lithos", it mean Magnesian stone, the Magnesia is a name of Greece region in the past, but now it was named Manisa (now in Turkey) where in the region there was a magnetic stone found since ancient times in this region. The permanent magnets is metallic ones, while neodymium magnet is sparkling silver metals or internal transition metals that easily oxidized in the air into Nd₂O₃ and highly reactive.

Neodymium element found in bastnasite mineral, it is not produced element, but it extracted from mineral contain neodymium, permanent magnets can be made by any metal that has ferromagnetic properties but ordinary neodymium does not attract the metals like magnets does, but the magnet made from Neodymium is called Neodymium magnet (Neo Magnet). Neodymium magnets made from iron, neodymium, and boron alloys that form tetragonal crystalline structures. Regular neodymium can be pulled by permanent magnet if them adjacent, or they can sticky together, when both magnets used together the magnetic flux will be lower, if both magnet compared, only neodymium magnets will work, but the flux of combination magnet will be higher.

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Neodymium was first discovered by Carl Auer von Welsbach an Austrian chemist in 1885, he separated Ammonium Nitrate of didymium from didymia (a mixture of rare-earth oxides) into neodymium and praseodymium fraction with repeated crystallization. Only yttrium, lanthanum, and cerium are more than neodymium in rare-earth. Neodymium present in igneous in the earth's crust, it twice as abundant element as tin and about half of copper element.

Natural neodymium is a mixture of seven different isotopes. Five of them are stable neodymium-142 isotope (27.13%), and two radioactive isotope, neodymium-144 (23.80%). Neodymium is found in monasite and bastnasite minerals and products of nuclear fission. Liquid-liquid ion ion separation is used for neodymium purification. The metal made by electrolysis fusion of halides or metallothermic reduction of fluoride with calcium.

The primacy of neodymium is high-strength permanent magnet based on Nd2Fe14B (chemical formula) used in high electric motors and generators, as well as spindle magnets for computer hard drives and wind turbines. Neodymium metal an alloy with other lanthanides, erbium has been used as a regenerator in low temperature cryocooler applications to provide cooling to 4.2 Kelvin. These compounds used in ceramic industry for glaze and glass color in every shade from pink to the purple. Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) is component of modern lasers, and neodymium glasses used in optical fibers. Mixture of Neodymium and praseodymium will absorb the harmful light.

Nd³⁺ + O₂ => Nd₂O₃

Nd²⁺ + Cl  => NdCl₂

The neodymium elements in compounds such as Nd₂O₃ (oxide) and Nd (OH)₃ (hydroxide) are always in the 3+ oxidation state, the Nd³⁺ ion is stable in water. Some compounds of neodymium in form of 2+, NdI₂ (diiodide) and NdCl₂ (dichloride), Nd²⁺ ion is unstable in aqueous solutions.

Magnetic Generator

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Magnetic power generation is called a free energy generator because it does not take much cost to generate electricity and can last continuously for a long time. The working principle is so simple that it using force of opposite magnetic flux direction as energy source that can make other magnets move. The opposite magnetic flux is composed of several magnets, so that the magnets will be function as stator trigger movement of other magnets acting as the rotor. Then the rotor portion connected to another magnet portion that acts as generator, although the rotor magnet also serve as a generator.

The basic concept of magnet power plant, a stator portion replaced with copper coil that flows through an electric current so it can generate a magnetic flux. But the rotor must be rotated manually or with the motor aid so that it can generate electricity and flux arises on stator coil as the magnetic field. Then, the rotation of trigger motion of the motor can be removed, because the magnetic flux of stator coil has capable to rotate the rotor itself. This process generates electric continuously for no interruption, and the magnet still in good condition. This system serve as a motor without electric source.

Biomagnetic

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Neodymium also used in health treatment, a therapy method using magnets to treat of various diseases caused by disorders of blood circulation, metabolic system, hormonal system, enzymes and cells disruption in human body. Biomagnetic therapy is a therapy method using magnets that have strength between 300 and 3000 gauss for optimal therapy, Neodymium magnet strength has 2000-3000 gauss, this magnet known as King Magnet because magnetic force is very strong than other magnets type. Biomagnetic therapy used to smooth blood circulation, so that the oxygen, nutrients and hormones can be distributed throughout body tissues, this therapy can to treat various diseases caused by circulatory disorders and system of cell body metabolism.

The blood cells contain iron (Fe) and Neodymium magnets (Nd₂Fe₁₄B) take affect of iron (Fe) element in blood cells, when magnets were placed near of main arteries, such as the heart arteries (artery point of the wrist) or carotid artery will occur stimulation due to Neodymium reaction to Fe (iron) in the cell blood, so that connected of previous cells will break down. This matter causes blood flow more smoothly, when magnet brought to the skin, the magnet will relax capillary walls so the blood flow to diseased area. The magnets or infrared that penetrate the skin surface also help activate nerve cells, it stimulates the process of cell recovery and improves the ability of negative ion absorption, which makes the balance of ions in the body is maintained, the magnets that penetrate skin surface can activate nerve cells, it stimulates the cell recovery process and improves the ability of negative ion absorption, which keeps ion balance in maintained body.

Conclusion

Neodymium is one of the rare earth chemicals found in homes equipment such as color television, fluorescent lamps, energy saving lamps and goggles (welds), Neodymium magnets can be found in used computers, it not only functions as a free energy generator but also can be used for therapy, because the Neodymium ion can react with Fe (iron) that can to improve blood circulation.