Hello Dear Steemian, I hope you all still health to read my post in steemit base on STEM content, In this opportunity i will share you all some knowledge about chemical change in form of metal.

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Titanium is a strong and anti-corrosive metal, it also a transition metal so the people called it as Titanium Metal. Titanium Dioxide with chemical formula TiO₂ is a combined compound of Titanium and Oxygen. Generally, titanium used as aluminum, molybdenum and vanadium to produce lightweight materials for flight equipment. This metal can be extracted by the Kroll and Hunter processes to produce Titanium Dioxide (extracted from leuxocene and ilmenite ore).

What is Titanium Dioxide ?

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Titanium Dioxide is a common chemical compound used as semi conductor material and a pigment in paint, paper, and plastic manufacturing. It has three phases namely, anatase, rutile and brookite. Where the most photoactive and stable phase is anatase. The photoactive ability is admired by surface area, particle size and crystallinity. Anatase has an Eg value of 3.2 eV so it more effective than rutile and brookite. Therefore, Titanium Dioxide has a high refractive index (about n = 2,4) and sunlight resistant. TiO₂ also has other forms such as rutile, where the crystals resemble anatase crystals, or octahedral-shaped crystals but have different arrangements. TiO₂ (anatase) material is widely used as solar cell material and paint pigment as thin coating of Titanium Dioxide.

TiO₂ applied as a self cleaning coating because it can react the impurities on the surface with the sunlight. Chemically, the reaction of TiO₂ with the sunlight can be formulated as follow :

TiO₂ + UV => e^- + H⁺

e^- + O₂ => O2^-

H⁺ + H₂O +> HO^- + H⁺

H⁺ + OH^- => HO^-

When TiO₂ exposed to the sunlight it will produce electrons (e^-) and H⁺, both of them will react on the surface, where the electrons interact with oxygen and form O₂, and H⁺ reacts with water (H₂O) to form hydroxyl radicals (OH-).

Titanium Dioxide acts as a self-cleaning through two mechanisms, decompose the impurity by using ultraviolet and UV radiation causes the oxidation and resulting an adsorption on the surface (water absorption)

The Application of TiO2

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In the era of nanotechnology, TiO₂ used as UV Protection, because it has a high refractive properties and can reflect the sunlight. Therefore TiO₂ utilized as a sunscreen. Some industries use the TiO₂ as a pigment material, such as paint, plastics, and paper industries, and there are also some industries that utilized the TiO₂ for manufacture of cosmetics, fiber, ink print, ceramic, glass and so on. In the cosmetic industry TiO₂ is used as a sunscreen because it has high refractive index, The adsorption of UV by TiO₂ minerals can prevent skin irritation, The particle sizeof TiO₂ used in the cosmetic industry is about 30-40 nm. UV radiation is an electromagnetic spectrum that has a shorter wavelength than a light spectrum that are UVA with wavelengths of 320-400 nm and UVB 290-320 nm.

Conclusion

When someone hears the word about "Titanium" , which is depicted in his mind is a metal like aluminium or iron. But in chemistry, the form of metal can be change into another form when a substance reacts with another substance, such as a powdered Titanium Oxide that is applied to cosmetic and paint, which has a different function than metal base (in metal form of Titanium).