Now any educated person represents an atom in the form of a planetary model of Rutherford. That is, around the central nucleus, as around the sun, electrons move in their orbits like the motion of planets. How it all began? The planetary model of the atom, which consists in the fact that electrons rotate around the nucleus, like planets around the Sun, was proposed by Rutherford in 1911, after the nucleus was discovered in his laboratory. Rutherford experimented by bombarding a sheet of metal foil with alpha particles. He found that most particles pass through the foil unimpeded, as light passes through the glass. However, a very small part was reflected back to the source. Rutherford explained this by the fact that the mass in matter is distributed unevenly, and in matter there are large voids. He speculatively suggested that matter is concentrated in positive nuclei. And light negative electrons like billiard balls avoid falling onto the core under the action of centrifugal forces. In this case, the electrostatic force of attraction between different charges balances the centrifugal force. In inventing this model, Rutherford happily exclaimed: "Now I know what an atom looks like!" Just like Archimedes shouted: "Eureka!" They, scientists, are all so similar. However, further problems began. If a charged electron rotates around the nucleus, then it creates around itself electromagnetic waves. And these waves take away energy. So the electron continuously loses energy, and very quickly falls on the core. Thus, all matter does not last a second. Atoms will immediately cease to exist. What to do? The scientists found a way out. The best way out is to pull the hare by the ears. ))) That is to prove one wrong theory, we must come up with another. Rutherford drew the young scientist Niels Bohr to this and together they came up with a completely confused idea of stationary electron orbits. On which the electron does not emit anything. After this, scientists for two decades developed quantum mechanics, for explaining the electrons that do not lose energy.
All this is very difficult to understand. Perhaps they themselves do not understand what they themselves have thought up. In the end, it was decided to understand that electrons are not balls and billiard balls, but electronic clouds. They hang over the atomic nucleus. But the following problem arose. Nobody can find an electron at a given point in space. It can not be caught. And what about the end result? It became clear, if there is no electron, then matter is not an objective reality. And it exists only at the moment of observation, and does not exist without an observer.
Is everything in our mind? Apparently yes.