U.S. researchers have shown that if you consume too many calories in the intestine blocks the mechanism that provides feedback to the brain. As a result, the feeling of satiety does not occur and the body requires more food.
Hormone bowel uroguanylin plays an important role in the development of obesity: normally, it transmits to the brain a signal of fullness", but in obesity this does not happen. To find out what this "break" in the body, a group of scientists from Stanford University and Thomas Jefferson University in the United States measured the level of uroguanylin and its receptors in ireedui mice and the mice on the normal diet.
The scientists put laboratory mice on a high-calorie diet and watched how they behave cells of the small intestine, responsible for the synthesis uroguanylin. It turned out that regardless of was a mouse initially, thin or fat, excessive calorie intake stopped the synthesis of "satiety hormone". The number of uroguanylin receptors in the brain was reduced, and a balanced diet animals can synthesize the hormone, and feel satiety.
The researchers suggested that the synthesis uroguanylin stopped due to violations in the endoplasmic reticulum (EPR) — cell organelle, which synthesize many proteins and hormones. Sometimes, EPR stops working in a state of cellular stress, when, in response to unfavorable environmental change, the cell produces protective and compensatory mechanisms. In the work, the researchers tested whether overeating can cause the same effect. Applying substances that strengthen and weaken the stress on the EPR, respectively, they showed how the cells stop and resume the synthesis uroguanylin.
The study is published in the journal Nutrition & Diabetes.
Open scientists mechanism shows that any excess calories is stressful for the cells of the small intestine, whether it is chocolates or burgers. Applying uroguanylin or its analogs, this effect can be reduced, thus facilitating the treatment of obesity.