There are two separate explanations for this: one the particles from the sun are moving so quickly that they have to be traveling so far in order to reach the earth, and another the effects of radiation from the sun have been offset by the earth's rotation, which causes the particles coming from the sun to be slowed down. We are now seeing evidence of both of these effects at the same time.
Another very strange example is the difference in the rate of radioactive decay between the earth and the sun. The Earth was created a long time ago. Since the sun didn't create the universe, and since the rate of decay is much less than the rate of creation, that fact shows that the sun is not the source of the radioactive material.
This difference is more than just being random. As we all know the sun emits radiation, which is the same on the surface of our earth and at the earth's core. But the surface of the earth is slightly hotter than the heart of our planet, which absorbs a very large percentage of those radiation. This means for every 10,000 watts of the radiation, only 0.01 watts of energy is absorbed and the overall radiance is lower than the surface of the earth. By contrast, the interior of the earth is a thousand times hotter than that radiation (think of the heat radiating from the sun every day). So if you were sitting on a beach right in the center of earth, you would receive an average of 200 watts of radiation (1 watts minus 0.01 watts of the original radiation).
If instead of living in caves, however, each person lived in a solar powered city center, the heat absorption and radiative emissions would be increased, yielding a radiant surface temperature of 3,800 degrees Fahrenheit. This is where most modern technologies make their contributions when it comes to our energy production.