""MICHAEL FARADAY A GREAT SCIENTICS WHO CONTRIBUTED TO THE STUDY OF SCIENCES""
•OCCUPATION-Physicist,chemist°°°.
•INTRODUCTION•
""Faraday studied the magnetic field around a conductor carrying a DC Electric Current. While conducting these studies, Faraday established the basis for the electromagnetic field concept in physics.
He similarly discovered Electromagnetic Induction, Diamagnetism and Laws of Electrolysis. He established that magnetism could affect rays of light and that there was an underlying relationship between the two phenomena.
His inventions of electromagnetic rotary devices formed the foundation of electric motor technology, and it was largely due to his efforts that electricity became viable for use in technology.
Faraday's law of induction states that magnetic flux changing in time creates a proportional electromotive force.
The SI unit of capacitance, the farad, is named after him, as is the Faraday Constant, the charge on a mole of electrons (about 96,485 coulombs).
Faraday spent extensive amounts of time on projects such as the construction and operation of light houses and protecting the bottoms of ships from corrosion.
As a chemist, Michael Faraday discovered benzene, investigated the clathrate hydrate of chlorine, invented an early form of the Bunsen burner and the system of oxidation numbers, and popularised terminology such as anode, cathode, electrode, and ion.
""Educational Life
Michael Faraday having only the most basic of school educations, had to largely educate himself.
Professional Life
At fourteen, he became apprenticed to a local bookbinder and bookseller in Blandford St and during his seven-year apprenticeship, he read many books, including Isaac Watts 'The Improvement of the Mind', and he enthusiastically implemented the principles and suggestions that it contained. He developed an interest in science, especially in electricity during this.
In June 1832, the University of Oxford granted Faraday a Doctor of Civil Law degree (honorary).
During his lifetime, Faraday rejected a knighthood and twice refused to become President of the Royal Society.
Faraday was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1838, and was one of eight foreign members elected to the French Academy of Sciences in 1844.
Death
Faraday died at his house at Hampton Court on 25 August 1867 aged 75 years and 11 months. He had previously turned down burial in Westminster Abbey, but he has a memorial plaque there, near Isaac Newton's tomb.
""Electricity and Magnetism
Michael Faraday built two devices to produce what he called electromagnetic rotation: 'a continuous circular motion from the circular magnetic force around a wire and a wire extending into a pool of mercury with a magnet placed inside that would rotate around the magnet if supplied with current from a chemical battery'. The latter device is known as a Homopolar Motor'.
These experiments and inventions form the foundation of modern electromagnetic technology.
Diamagnetism
In 1845, Faraday discovered that many materials exhibit a weak repulsion from a magnetic field, a phenomenon he named Diamagnetism.
Faraday Effect
Faraday also found that the plane of polarisation of linearly polarised light can be rotated by the application of an external magnetic field aligned in the direction the light is moving. This is now termed the Faraday Effect.
Faraday Cage
In his work on static electricity, Faraday's ice pail experiment demonstrated that the charge resided only on the exterior of a charged conductor, and exterior charge had no influence on anything enclosed within a conductor. This is because the exterior charges redistribute such that the interior fields due to them cancel. This shielding effect is used in what is now known as a Faraday Cage.