The Colombian exchange or great exchange refers to the generalized transfer of animals, plants, culture, human populations, communicable diseases, technology and ideas between the North American and Afro-Eurasian hemispheres in the XVIII and XIX centuries related to European colonization and (including the trade of African-American slaves) after the voyage of Christopher Columbus in 1492 The contact between the two areas circulated a wide variety of new crops and animals, which supported the increase of population in both hemispheres. Traders returned to Europe with corn, potatoes and tomatoes, which became very important crops in Europe in the 20th century. Similarly, Europeans introduced manioc and peanuts in Tropical Asia and West Africa, where they supported the growth of populations in soils that would otherwise not yield much.
The Old World to the New World:
Domesticated plants:
Akee
Almond
Apple
Damascus
Artichoke
Asparagus
Bananas (including bananas)
Barley
Basil
Beet
Bilberry (not to be confused with blueberry)
Bitter melon
black pepper
Horticultural products derived from oleracea
Cabbage and cabbage
Broccoli
Cabbage
Brussels sprouts
Cauliflower
Melon
star fruit
Cardamom
Carrot
Celery
Chickpeas
Cinnamon
Clove of India
Coffee
Citrus fruits (orange, lemon, etc.)
Coriander (also known as coriander)
Cucumber
Cumin
Date of palm
Eggplant
Fennel
Fig
Linen
Garlic
Ginger
Grape (vitis vinifera, common wine grape)
Hazelnut
Hemp (including cannabis)
Kola nut
Garlic
Lettuce
Lentil
Mango
Millet
Mustard plant
Nutmeg
Oats
Okra
Palm oil
Oliveira
Onion
Opium
Oregano
Peach
Pea
Wait
Pistachio
Pomegranate
Radish
Rhubarb
Rice
Rye
Sesame Street
Sorghum
SOY
Spinach
Sugar cane and sugar beet
Taro
Tea
Timothy grass
Saffron
Turnip
Wheat
Noz (English)
Watermelon
Wires