Christianity[edit]
God the Father on a throne, Westphalia, Germany, late 15th century.
In the New Testament, the Throne of God is talked about in several forms.[2] Including Heaven as the Throne of God, The Throne of David, The Throne of Glory, The Throne of Grace and many more.[2] The New Testament continues Jewish identification of heaven itself as the "throne of God",[3] but also locates the throne of God as "in heaven" and having a second subordinate seat at the Right Hand of God for the Session of Christ.[4]
Revelation[edit]
The Book of Revelation describes the Seven Spirits of God which surround the throne, and John wishes his readers in the Seven Asian churches to be blessed with grace from God, from the seven who are before God's throne, and from Jesus Christ in Heaven. John states that in front of the throne there appears to be "a sea of glass, clear as crystal", and that the throne is surrounded by a lion, an ox, a man, and a flying eagle; each with six wings and covered with eyes, who constantly cry "Holy, holy, holy is the Lord God Almighty, who was, and is, and is to come" repeatedly. It is also said that "out of the throne proceeded lightnings and thunderings and voices".[5]
Islam[edit]
In Islamic theology, The Throne (Arabic: العرش Al-ʿArsh) is the greatest thing ever created by God.[6] Some Muslims believe God created the throne as a sign of his power and not as place of dwelling.[7]
The Qur'an mentions the throne some 25 times (33 times as Al-'Arsh), such as in verse 23:116:
“ So Exalted be Allah, the True King - None has the right to be worshipped but He - Lord of the Supreme Throne![8] ”
The Qur'an depicts the angels as carrying the throne of God and praising his glory, similar to Old Testament images.
“ ...those who bear the Throne, and all who are round about it, sing the praises of their Lord and believe in Him and ask forgiveness for those who believe. - Quran 40:7 ”
“ ...and you shall see the angels going round about the Throne glorifying the praise of their Lord; and judgment shall be given between them with justice, and it shall be said: all praise is due to God, the Lord of the Worlds. - Quran 39:75 ”
The Ayat al-Kursi (often glossed as "Verse of the footstool"), is a verse from Al-Baqara, the second sura of the Qur'an, and is regarded[by whom?] as the book's greatest verse. It references the Throne, and also God's greatest name, Al-Hayy Al-Qayyoom ("The Living, the Eternal").[9] Scholars of hadith have stated that the Prophet Muhammad said the reward for reciting this verse after every prayer is Paradise,[10] and that reciting it is a protection from the devil.[11]
Prophetic hadith also establish that The Throne is above the roof of Al-Firdaus Al-'Ala, the highest level of Paradise where God's closest and most beloved servants in the hereafter shall dwell.[12]
Judaism[edit]
Micaiah (1 Kings 22:19), Isaiah (Isaiah 6), Ezekiel (Ezekiel 1)[13] and Daniel (Daniel 7:9) all speak of God's throne, although some philosophers such as Saʿadiah Gaon and Maimonides, interpreted such mention of a "throne" as allegory.[14]
The heavenly throne room or throne room of God is a more detailed presentation of the throne, into the representation of throne room or divine court.
Micaiah's throneroom vision[edit]
Micaiah's extended prophecy (1 Kings 22:19) is the first detailed depiction of a heavenly throne room in Judaism.
Zechariah's throneroom vision[edit]
Zechariah 3 depicts a vision of the heavenly throne room where Satan and the Angel of the Lord contend over Joshua the High Priest in the time of his grandson Eliashib the High Priest. Many Christians consider this a literal event[citation needed], others such as Goulder (1998) view the vision as symbolic of crisis on earth, such as opposition from Sanballat the Horonite.[15]
Dead Sea Scrolls[edit]
The concept of a heavenly throne occurs in three Dead Sea Scroll texts. Later speculation on the throne of God became a theme of Merkavah mysticism.[16]
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