During the prehistoric times,. Advice and knowledge was passed on by oral tradition from one generation to next generations. There were no means of recording events.
The development of writing developed by Egyptians is known as the heirographics, which enable knowledge to be stored and communicated across from generation to generation.
With much fidelity, combined with the development of agriculture, it became possible for early civilization to develop, because more time now became available for tasks other than survival.
Many ancient civilization collected astronomical information in systematic manner through simple observations. Though they had no knowledge of the real physical structure of the planets and stars, many theoretical explanations were proposed.
Basic facts about human physiology were known in some places, and alchemy was practiced in several civilizations. Considerable observation of macrobiotic Flora and fauna was allowed also.
Thanks for reading. Stay blessed