Welcome,
I recommend you start with the Bitcoin whitepaper, because that's where it all began. Satoshi's vision was to have peer-to-peer electronic cash, without the need for intermediaries (banks). Bitcoin came out of the financial crisis of 2008, in which several large banks were bailed out with money that your grandchildren are expected to pay back. I believe Satoshi thought this was unjust and created Bitcoin, a new form a money.