Making humans Interplanetary is one of the greatest plan of Elon Musk.A greatest scientific revolution. This is very necessary to make our human kind live forever or until the end of the universe. I am not going to discuss about who Elon is and other boring quotes of human kind, I am going to jump directly into what is the technology behind it. Here is the way how we can make mars human livable.
First focus on what it needs to be on a planet to make it livable.There are many ways to make mars livable like creating a big dome where there is city inside to living underground but all those things do not look good for the long term. So we want to make Mars as like Earth.The required things to make an planet livable for long terms are.
1.) Sufficient Oxygen
2.) Water in liquid state
3.) Appropriate temperature
4.) Radiation free environment
5.) Atmospheric pressure
Now lets discuss about how are we going to fix all those problems on Mars.
1.) Temperature
It looks virtually impossible to increase the temperature of whole planet at once but there are many theories to make the whole planet warm at once. But remember once what have we been doing with our own planet. We have increased the temperature of Earth by more than 3% and we are still doing this. The same formula can be applied to the mars . We can make big plants which will generate more green house gas that will increase the temperature of the planet. This may take 10 years to heat the temperature of mars but it will work. People will land on mars on 2022 (If everything goes as planned) and they will start to work on this project. This will increase the temperate of mars from negative to 10 degree Celsius which is still cold but is good temperature for settlement. This will increase the carbon-dioxide level in mars which is not good for life. Then comes a problem of oxygen.
2.) Oxygen
If we increased the temperature of mars then there will be a lot of carbon-dioxide and to over come this we are going to use a very simple and very old technique. That is planting tree. We can plant tree in artificial soil that will eventually increase the oxygen level in mars. Trees will balance carbon-dioxide oxygen concentration on the planet. This will automatically solve the problem of atmospheric pressure on Mars. The pressure will increase and temperature will remain constant.
3.) Radiation
Ozone layer is protecting us from most of all radiation around Earth. This is protecting life. But there is no ozone layer around Mars. We can solve this problem by making artificial ozone layer by the process of ozonolysis. This is the process of making ozone by the help of molecular and atomic oxygen. This will protect us from radiation.
4.) Water in liquid state
It has been found that there is frozen water around Mars. If the temperature of the planet is increased then the frozen water is changed into liquid form. This will be an automatic process.
So, if you are interested to visit another planet then start to pack up. Elon Musk's mission is to take 1 million people to Mars before 2050. You may one I hope.