So why should Steemit get a Google penalty? Because Hive account@anyx demands that you link from your own site to the article that you reposted on Steem which I think is complete nonsense and also completely against Google's terms of service in regards to good SEO practices.

I don't understand why this is a problem. Make a specific verification article and link that in each of your Steemit posts so people know you are the same person. You don't need to link the identical articles together if that is a problem for you.