Hi guys, this time I brought you some things that is important to everyone. This time it’s about Micro-organisms.
Have you seen such kinds of micro-organisms? If so you would have observed them with an Optical microscope.
What are Micro-organisms?
Micro-organisms are the organisms which we cannot see with our naked eye. In the environment, there are a lot of micro-organisms.
Micro-organisms are helpful to us as well as harmful. Let’s discus how they are helpful for us.
Compost production
In the compost production, plant and animal wastes are allowed to be digested by bacteria. They feed on the garbage and decay it. Compost is very nutrient rich organic fertilizer.
There are four main ways of compost production
- Barrel method
- Pit method
- Land method
- Basket method
Coir industry
The coconut husks are soaked in water and allowed to get stale, then beaten up to separate coir. The compound that binds the fibres together is called ‘Pectate’. ‘pectinase’ which is secreted by the micro-organisms digest the pectate. So the fibres can easily be separated out.
Production of dairy products
We all like to eat dairy products such as curd, youghurt, cheese etc.. They are all prepared with the use of micro-organisms.
Production of Vinegar
To produce natural vinegar, coconut toddy is used. Here’s the process of Vinegar production
Production of immunization vaccines and antibiotics
Immunization Vaccines
They are given to a person to prevent from infectious diseases. They have at least one of the following antigens.
- Destroyed or inactivated causative agent
Eg: Polio or Rabbies vaccine
- Live causative agent whose growth is inactivated.
Eg: Measles, mumps, chicken-pox, rubella
- Toxity of the causative agent is inactivated chemically
Eg: diphtheria, tetanus vaccines
- Parts of causative agent cells or viruses
Eg: heptatis B vaccine
Antibiotics
An antibiotic is a chemical substance which destroy bacteria which is made up of onemicro-organism which is capable of destroying or inhabiting the growth of other micro-organisms.
Harmful effects of Micro-organisms
Micro-organisms are useful as well as harmful. Let’s see what the harmful effects are.
The major varieties of micro-organisms which are harmful are virus, fungi and bacteria.
Two main harmful effects caused by micro-organisms
- Infectious diseases
- Food spoilage
Infections
Bacteria
Most of the micro-organisms which cause bacteria causes damage only to a certain tissues and organs of the body.
Eg: the causative bacteria for tuberculosis damage the lungs or bones in the early stages.
the causative bacteria for syphilis damages reproductive organs in early stages.
Causative bacteria for pneumonia damages lungs.
Virus
The reach target cells within the host and takes over the control of the cells and gets the host cell to produce its virus.
Eg: target cells of the rabies virus are the nerve cells of the brain.
Food spoilage
Food spoilage is the change of physical and chemical nature of the food becoming not suitable for consumption.
Three ways of food spoilage
- Protein – Putrefaction
- Carbohydrates – fermentation
- Lipids and oil – Rancidification
All these information is from my science textbook.
Hope you learned something
Thank you for stopping by
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