Concept of Computer
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Computer is a device that can perform mathematical calculations very fast by following specific instructions.
The word computer comes from the Greek compute word. Calculate the meaning of compute or calculate. And the computer means the counting machine. But now computers can not be called counting machines only. Computer is an instrument that receives information and analyzes and presents through various processes. The development of civilization and its rapid progress now has strong influence on mathematics and computer. The first computer in Bangladesh came in 1964.
History
In the prehistoric era, various efforts of inventing the instruments of calculation are considered as computer history. In ancient times, man used to use mussels, gravel, rope gitt etc. to understand the number. Abacus, an ancient counting machine, is considered to be the first device in computer history. It was discovered in Babylon in 2400 BCE The composite machine changes the arrangement of the compartment in the abacus frame. Abacus is made in 450/500 BC in Egypt or in China as a counting instrument.
In 1616, Scottish mathematician John Napier used to print or use punctuation or rack to calculate. These rocks are known as John Napier's bone. In 1642, 19 year old French scientist Blaise Pascal discovered the first mechanical calculator. He started the process of adding yogurt to a tooth wheel or gear. The 1671 German mathematician Gottfried von made use of wheels and rods to produce more advanced mechanical calculators with quality and division on the basis of Pascal's instrument. He named the machine Rechoning Mechine. Later in 1820, Thomas D. Kommer revised the recoding instrument and popularized the device of Lynnis.
In the beginning of the nineteenth century, the idea of the creation and use of a modern device (which can only be mathematically calculated, without any intelligence, only mechanically, by the way), firstly promoted Charles Barbez. He named it Definition Engine. While working on this differential engine (in 1833), he gained ideas in an advanced and universal instrument called analytical engine. But he could not finish any work due to the lack of necessary equipment and money.
The true origins of computer science are Alan Turing's first theoretical and later practical research. From the middle of the twentieth century, modern computers began to develop. Microcomputer rapidly developed in 1971 due to the introduction of microprocessor. Different types of personal computers or PCs are priced at different prices and sizes in the market. He has been invented with a lot of operating systems, program languages, countless practical package programs. There has also been a widespread expansion of computer networks and the Internet and associated services and services. Many institutional and non-formal computer education and research institutes have been established and expanded to provide computer education. In recent times, computer and information technology (IT) has taken a large part of the business and business, and employment has become largely computer-based.
After the Intel Corporation of America invented the microprocessor in 1971, the microprocessor-based computer started coming to market. Since then, a big revolution has been achieved in the shape and efficiency of the computer. In the year 1981, IBM Computer's Personal Computer or PC After that one was invented to be a high-power microprocessor and to be made powerful PC. Since the IBM company did not have any restriction on the creation of IBM Compatibility Computer, the value of such computers reduced greatly and its usage continued to increase. At the same time, IBM Computer and Apple Computer Inc. released their invented Apple-Macintosh computer market. But Apple did not show any kind of generosity in the computibilization of computer, because Macintosh did not get much popularity, so Apple did not get much popularity. However, Apple-Macintosh computers were widely used in the print industry due to some special features.
Computer system
The system is a collective effort of several integrated components that work for general purpose. Components of computer systems are as follows: -
1.Hardware,
2.Software,
3.Humanware or user,
4.Data or information.
- Hardware:All the machines, parts and devices in the physical shape of the computer are called hardware. Computer hardware can be initially divided into three groups.
Input Tools
- Keyboard, 2 Mouse, 3 Disc, 4 Scanner, 5 Card Reader, 6. Digital camera etc.
System
- Hard disk, 2 Motherboard, 3 AGP card 4.ram etc.
Output Equipment
- Monitor, 2 Printer, 3 Disc, 4 Speaker 5 Projector 6. Headphone etc.
- Software:In order to solve the problem or perform the task, the command of the computer in a series of instructions is programmed. The program or program set that makes the hardware efficient by creating relationships between computer hardware and user is software by itself. Computer software can be divided into two main categories.
System software
System software helps keep the computer's capability in execution of practical programs by coordinating the work in different units of the computer.
Application Software: A program used to solve a practical problem solving or data processing is called application software. A variety of ready-made programs are available as commercial products to solve practical problems, which are usually called package programs.
Humanware or User:All the people involved in the collection of data, programs, or data stored and tested, writing computer programs, writing systems, recording and recording, coordinating between software and hardware, etc. are all called humanware.
Data / Information:Information is the smallest unit in data or data. Data is not sorted by some chaotic facts, mainly on two types -
(A) Numeric data or numerical data. For example, 25,100,456 and so on. (B) Non-numeric data. For example, name, livelihood, race or picture, words and date of people, country etc.
Operating system
The operating system is a software that controls the computer program execution and which performs scheduling, debugging, input / output control, accounting, compilation, storage assignment, data management and accessories. Currently, the most widely used operating systems are: DOS, Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 2000, UNIX, Ubuntu, Mint (operating system), MANDRIVA, Debian, Fedora, Mac OSX, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows 10, Linux
Apply the application
The computer has lots of uses. Its unique use in the field of business, scientific, etc. from home work. Above all, it brings unique revolution in the field of communication. It is also a unique partner in medical and human welfare. In a word, the computer is a machine capable of almost all the work.
Use of Geography Computer:
GIS Computer: Computer is used for GIS technology. In this technology, various data is added to the map with the help of computer.
Computer Use in education:Using multimedia
technology, students have access to teaching in class. Microsoft Excel is also used to publish results.
Computer type
Based on the structure and circulation of computers, it can be divided into three parts.
1.Analog computer
2.Digital computer
3.Hybrid computer
Depending on size, affordability, price and usage, the digital computer can be divided into four parts.
1.Microcomputer
2.Mini computer
3.Mainframe computer
4.Super computer
Micro computers can be divided into 2 categories.
1.Desktop
2.Laptop
Below are the full categories of computers shown:
Analog Computer:Analog computer that can measure the amount of a computer in relation to another amount. It can record warmth or other measurements that can be changed regularly. The speed of the car is a good example of an analog computer.
Digital computer:Digital computer is released by two types of electrical voltage. The presence of voltage 1 and absence is expressed by 0, it can complete the addition of any math and perform other operations like subtraction, multiplication and division. Modern Computer Computers
Hybrid Computer:Hybrid computer is a computer that consists of the best features of analog and digital computers. It is used in scientific research. So, the technology and radical part of the analog and digital computer partial combination is hybrid computer. Generally hybrid data is collected in analog methods and is calculated in digital mode. For example, the hybrid computer used in the weather office, measuring the air, heat, etc. in the analog method, calculates in the digital system and predicts weather forecast.
Mainframe computer:Mainframe computers (commonly called "big computers") are mainly used for important applications and large applications, such as population, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning and transaction processing.
Mini computer:With a computer terminal that can be used by almost half a user, so the mini computer. It is used in industrial and laboratories. For example - pdp-11, ibms / 36, ncrs / 9290, IBM 9375.
Micro computer:Micro computers are also called personal computers or PCs. A micro computer is formed with the help of the Mother Board, a microprocessor, CPU, RAM, ROM, hard disk etc. The use of this computer is seen in all areas of daily life. Macintosh IBM PC is a kind of computer.
Super computer:Very strong and fast computer is called super computer. The computer speed is about 1 billion characters per second. Super computer is a memory-based computer that manages huge information like census of any country. CRAY 1, supers xll such a computer.
Tablet computer:Tablet computer is a kind of micro computer. Which is known as Palm Top Computer. It is a touchscreen technology. It runs on Android and Windows operating systems.
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