Most people believe that mental disorders are rare and “happen to someone else." In fact, mental disorders are common and widespread. Most people consider mental disorders as something that brings nothing but shame. Although it does, having any of the disorders classified as mental illness is not the end of life as this diseases can be either cure or managed.
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WHAT IS MENTAL ILLNESS?
According to wikipedia, a mental disorder , also called a mental illness or psychiatric disorder, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning. Such features may be persistent, relapsing and remitting, or occur as a single episode. Many disorders have been described, with signs and symptoms that vary widely between specific disorders. Such disorders may be diagnosed by a mental health professional.
There are more than 200 classified forms of mental illness. Some of the more common disorders are depression, bipolar disorder, dementia, schizophrenia and anxiety disorders.
Symptoms may include changes in mood, personality, personal habits and/or social withdrawal.
Mental health problems may be related to excessive stress due to a particular situation or series of events. As with cancer, diabetes and heart disease, mental illnesses are often physical as well as emotional and psychological. Mental illnesses may be caused by a reaction to
environmental stresses, genetic factors, biochemical imbalances, or a combination of these. With proper care and treatment many individuals learn to cope or recover from a mental illness or emotional disorder.
Symptoms
Signs and symptoms of mental illness can vary, depending on the disorder, circumstances and other factors. Mental illness symptoms can affect emotions, thoughts and behaviors.
Examples of signs and symptoms include:
Feeling sad or down.
Confused thinking or reduced ability to concentrate.
Excessive fears or worries, or extreme
feelings of guilt.
Extreme mood changes of highs and lows.
Withdrawal from friends and activities.
Significant tiredness, low energy or
problems sleeping.
Detachment from reality (delusions),
paranoia or hallucinations.
Inability to cope with daily problems or
stress.
Trouble understanding and relating to
situations and to people.
Alcohol or drug abuse.
Major changes in eating habits.
Sex drive changes.
Excessive anger, hostility or violence.
Suicidal thinking.
Sometimes symptoms of a mental health disorder appear as physical problems, such as stomach pain, back pain, headache, or other unexplained aches and pains.
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When to see a doctor
If you have any signs or symptoms of a mental illness, see your primary care provider or mental health specialist. Most mental illnesses don't improve on their own, and if untreated, a mental illness may get worse over time and cause serious problems.
Some Types of Mental illness
Of the more than 200 mental disorders discovered so far, there are some we are not really familiar with or as never heard of as the case may be.
Cotard’s Delusion
Cotard’s delusion (sometimes called ‘Walking Corpse Syndrome’) is a relatively rare condition that was first described by Dr Jules Cotard in 1882. Cotard’s syndrome comprises any one of a series of delusions that range from a belief that one has lost organs, blood, or body parts to insisting that one has lost one’s soul or is dead. Dr Cotard described it as “The Delirium of Negation” and sufferers typically deny the existence of a body part, a portion of their body or their own existence entirely. This is a rare mental illness that causes the person to think they are dead, figuratively or literally.
Borderline Personality Disorder
The borderline personality disorder is a mental illness marked by an ongoing pattern of varying moods, self-image, and behaviour. These symptoms often result in impulsive actions and problems in relationships. People with a borderline personality disorder may experience intense episodes of anger, depression, and anxiety that can last from a few hours to days.
Borderline personality disorder typically starts in young people or adults. People who suffer from BPD have trouble regulating their thoughts and emotions and can become impulsive and reckless. They can also experience unstable intense relationships and a distorted self-image.
Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder
This disorder affects children. They will go up to and talk to, strangers, but they don’t see the potential danger. The child’s pattern of behaviour includes what is
seen as culturally inappropriate and overly familiar behaviour that is either verbal or physical with complete strangers. The behaviour breaks out of the normal constraints of ordinary social customs and boundaries of the culture. These children show the willingness to venture away into unfamiliar settings without checking back on the primary
caregiver and can even go off with a stranger with minimal or no hesitation.
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
People with OCD obsess over thoughts, urges, or images. The things they can’t let go of cause anxiety and their compulsions are an attempt to reduce this anxiety. Cleaning is one obsession most commonly known as simply organising things. People with OCD understand their obsessions don’t make sense but they feel they can’t control them.
Dependent Personality Disorder
Someone with a dependent personality disorder can be “clingy,” which is brought on by fear. They are unable to or have difficulty making everyday decisions unless they are reassured and given advice.
Major Depressive Disorder
This is also known as clinical or unipolar depression. A person with depression experiences extreme low moods and feelings of hopelessness. It can also be linked to other illness and disorders such as anxiety, bipolar disorder, and insomnia.
Social Anxiety Disorder
This is one type of anxiety disorder where the person has an irrational fear of being in social situations. They can become self-conscious and fearful of being watched, judged, or criticised.
Anorexia Nervosa
It is classed, as are all eating disorders, as an addiction-type illness, but in many ways, it resembles delusional psychosis.
Anorexic
individuals often see themselves as overweight, regardless of their true physical states. This false belief is used to justify extreme abstinence from food until serious health complications force treatment.
Bulimia Nervosa
It is an especially hazardous condition that is often found alongside anorexia. As with anorexic individuals, bulimics often view themselves as massively overweight. Unlike anorexics, however, victims of bulimia may consume vast quantities of food only to later induce vomiting in an effort to prevent absorption of the food. Many bulimic individuals are of normal weight so others may not suspect they have an eating disorder.
Many drugs can play a role in shaping the eating habits of the people taking them. The loss of appetite associated with certain chemotherapeutic agents is well known.
However, this side effect doesn’t meet the technical definition of an eating disorder as it lacks the necessary element of compulsion or psychological dependence. Certain other drugs have the potential to radically alter the chemistry of the brain and so induce negative emotional states. A good example is a depression caused by chronically low levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin, which may manifest as an eating disorder.
REFERENCES
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_disorder
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/symptoms-causes/syc-20374968
http://www.mentalhealthamerica.net/recognizing-warning-signs