Since this location was rediscovered by the archaeologist from Yale University Hiram Bingham III in 1911 AD, Machu Picchu became an attractive tourist attraction for both local and foreign tourists. The charm of the city above the cloud is not second to none.
After 100 years of storing thousands of Inca artefacts, Yale University is finally willing to return artefacts taken from the Machu Picchu ruins to the hands of the Peruvian people. Thousands of artefacts are one by one will be returned from early 2011.
Machu Picchu (Spanish pronunciationˈmatʃu ˈpitʃu (Quechua: Machu Picchu mɑtʃu ˈpiktʃu) is a 15th-century Inca citadel situated on a mountain ridge 2,430 metres (7,970 ft) above sea level. It is located in the Cusco Region, Urubamba Province, Machupicchu District in Peru, above the Sacred Valley, which is 80 kilometres (50 mi) northwest of Cuzco and through which the Urubamba River flows. [1]
Most archaeologists believe that Machu Picchu was constructed as an estate for the Inca emperor Pachacuti (1438–1472). Often mistakenly referred to as the "Lost City of the Incas" (a title more accurately applied to Vilcabamba), it is the most familiar icon of Inca civilization. The Incas built the estate around 1450 but abandoned it a century later at the time of the Spanish Conquest. Although known locally, it was not known to the Spanish during the colonial period and remained unknown to the outside world until American historian Hiram Bingham brought it to international attention in 1911. [2]
This is Machu Picchu, the lost city of the Incan civilization. It is located in Urumba Valley, Peru, at the top of the mountain, 2430 meters above sea level. This place was built at the height of the glory of their civilization, the 1460s.
But many people say the city is above the clouds because the city is always covered by clouds. And of course, there is the beauty of the scenery is very extraordinary. In fact, the city is gold plated.
According to archaeologists, Machu Picchu is not really a city, but a small village in the mountains. In this place, there are residual buildings and worship of the Incas. It is said, here, has lived more than 750 people.
Brian Bauer, an expert in Andean civilization at the University of Illinois at Chicago and a National Geographic grantee, says Machu Picchu—which was built around A.D. 1450—was, in fact, relatively small by Inca standards and maintained only about 500 to 750 people. [3]
This famous and sacred Perca Inca fortress of Peru was founded in about 1440 and until 1532. This discovery was discovered by the American historian of Yale University, Hiram Bingham. The beautiful ruins of Machu Picchu are the best examples of stone construction from the Incan civilization. There are about 200 buildings located in 1197 ft area long 984 feet wide (365 meters long by 300 meters wide).
Machu Picchu was built around 1440 AD After 100 years the city was abandoned because the Spanish managed to defeat the Inca empire. Thousands of artefacts, such as ceramics, jewellery, and bones, were taken by Yale University graduates as well as explorers named Hiram Bingham who rediscovered Machu Picchu between 1912 and 1916. According to Peru, at that time Bingham only asked permission to borrow the artefacts to learn. However, to this day thousands of artefacts have not returned.
A small aryballos -- a pottery form generally used to carry oils or perfumes -- is one of the artifacts Yale University is returning to Peru. [4]
According to Peruvian calculations, there are at least 46,000 artefacts taken. However, Yale University claims there are only 5,500 artefacts in their hands and only 330 artefacts among them are "museum-worthy".
Regarding the certainty of this amount there is no clarity because, for Peru, the important artefacts are back to Peru. The return of Inca artefacts is important because next year Peru commemorates the 100th anniversary of the recovering of Machu Picchu.
Before being discovered by Bingham, Machu Picchu was mentioned almost missing "swallowed" wilderness in the mountainous region as high as 2,430 meters above sea level. In fact, early this year Machu Picchu almost lost again because of the flash flood of the Urubamba River near Machu Picchu.
Explorer Hiram Bingham III, shown above in 1917, embarked on multiple expeditions to Machu Picchu in the 1910s. The Inca site was known to locals but largely forgotten internationally. In 1911, Bingham wrote about Machu Picchu in National Geographic magazine and refocused international attention on the ruins. [5]
In Machu Picchu built around 1450 by the last Inca ruler, Pachacutec, it found palace buildings, temples, storage rooms, baths, and 150 homes. The existence of Machu Picchu for decades is deliberately concealed and kept secret, especially from Spain that colonized Peru in 1533.
Associated with Bingham as the inventor of Machu Picchu, lately, the historians have other views. Machu Picchu was actually rediscovered 40 years before it was discovered by Bingham.
For the Incas and Peruvians as a whole, Machu Picchu, who was awarded World Heritage by Unesco, became a symbol of the triumph of the Inca empire. Machu Picchu becomes a tourist destination that never deserted tourists who are curious to see the sophistication of the stone wall building in the old city of 20 hectares with 140 buildings of stone
In fact, there is no cavity at all between one stone and another. Architects suspect, the Incas used the technique of dry stone to make a giant wall. This technique does not use any material to glue the stone. Stones are just arranged irregularly like a puzzle, but neat because the stones are like cut to fit each other.
The way the Inca cut the stones remains a mystery to this day. In fact, the stones also look polished because of the smooth surface.Because in today's modern technology like this time it takes hours to cut a granite stone. It must also wear special cutting tools.
Because of the sophisticated buildings and stone walls of Machu Picchu, the people who built Machu Picchu were considered the best masons in the world. Inca civilization is sophisticated and largely remains a mystery-including the mystery of the destruction of the Inca civilization-that is what makes government and society.
REFERENCE
EndNote:
1. Machu Pichu Wikipedia source
2. Wikipedia source
3. Archaeology and history source
4. Artefact source
5. Peru artefact source
