In an ecosystem, the material in the form of reconstituting elements of organic material is recycled. These elements enter into the biotic components through air, soil, and water. The recycles of matter involves living things and rocks (geophysics) so-called Biogeochemical Cycles because the rotation of nutrients involves the biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem so that the survival of the earth can be maintained.
Biogeochemical cycles allow the transformation of matter from one form to other. This transformation permits the utilization of matter in a form specific to particular organisms. For instance, humans utilize water in fluid form. Through the hydrological cycles, water vapour is condensed to fluid and ice converted to liquid water. source
Biogeochemical cycles are water recycling and chemical components (chemical elements) involving the participation of living things including humans and rocks/geophysics. Biogeochemical cycles have a very important role for human life. Which includes biogeochemical cycles include:
Phosphorus cycle
Water cycle
Sulfur / Sulfuric Cycle
Carbon and oxygen cycle
Nitrogen cycle. source
Nutrition can enter the ecosystem through:
- Weathering (Weathering),
- Atmospheric Input (entry into the atmosphere),
- Biological Nitrogen fixation,
- Immigration.
While Nutrient can get out of the ecosystem through:
- Erosion,
- Leaching,
- Intrusion,
- Gas Loss (exhaust gas)
- Emigration and Harvesting
The Classification of Biogeochemical Cycles
a. The Carbon Cycle
In the aquatic ecosystem, the exchange of C02 with the atmosphere runs indirectly. Carbon dioxide binds to water to form carbonic acid to decompose into bicarbonate ions. Bicarbonate is a carbon source of algae that produce food for themselves and other heterotrophic organisms. Conversely, when the aquatic organisms aspire, the CO2 they release becomes bicarbonate.
The occurrence of reciprocal processes between respiration and photosynthetic recycling is responsible for the occurrence of major carbon changes and movements. The decline of photosynthesis can affect the ups and downs of a seasonally occurring CO2 and O2 gas. The carbon cycle is strongly influenced by oxygen and photosynthesis. The carbon cycle is in four places: the geosphere or in the earth, the hydrosphere or in the water, the atmosphere or in the air, and the biosphere or in living things. source
The amount of bicarbonate in water is balanced by the amount of C02 in water. Carbon as one of the basic ingredients of all organic compounds. In the carbon cycles, the process of reciprocal photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Plants get carbon, in the form of CO 2 from the atmosphere through a process of photosynthesis that will be used by plants and animals to inspire which can produce O2.
Animals and plants that die, for a long time, will form coal in the soil. Coal will be used again as a fuel that also adds C02 levels in the air. A certain amount of carbon can be removed from the cycles for a long time when the carbon accumulates in the wood and the organic material by the detritivore ultimately recycles carbon into the atmosphere as C2. This can be as C02's return to the atmosphere.
b. The Nitrogen Cycle
In the atmosphere contains a lot of nitrogen gas, which is 80% of the air. Plants such as algae or algae obtain nitrogen from the soil in the form of ammonia (NH3), nitrite ions (N02-), and nitrate ions (N03-). In addition, there are bacteria that can bind nitrogen directly, namely Azotobacter sp. which are aerobic and Clostridium sp. which is anaerobic, and Anabaena sp. (blue algae) are also capable of inhibiting nitrogen. Nitrogen bonded in the form of ammonia (NH4).
Organic compounds such as proteins, urea or nucleic acids or inorganic compounds such as nitrates, nitrites and ammonia are compounds present in nitrogen. Below are the stages of the occurrence of the nitrogen cycle
- The first stage is the nitrogen cycle is the process of transfer of nitrogen from the atmosphere into the soil. In addition to the entry of nitrogen into the soil due to rainwater, nitrogen can also enter through the process of nitrogen fixation, this process is done by Rhizobium bacteria that will be symbiosis with Azotobacter bacteria, Clostridium, and legumes. Green algae also have the same ability as fixing nitrogen.
- The second stage in which the nitrate is obtained from the biological fixation used by the manufacturer or plant that will turn it into a protein.source
Ammonia is obtained from the decomposition of dead tissue by bacteria. This ammonia will be denitrified by nitrite bacteria, ie Nitrosomonas and Nitrosococcus to produce nitrate which will be absorbed by plant roots. Subsequently, by the denitrifying bacteria, the nitrate is converted to ammonia released into the water. In this way, the nitrogen cycle will be repeated in the ecosystem.
c. The Phosphorus Cycles
The phosphorus cycle is the biogeochemical cycle that describes the movement of phosphorus through the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. Unlike many other biogeochemical cycles, the atmosphere does not play a significant role in the movement of phosphorus, because phosphorus and phosphorus-based compounds are usually solids at the typical ranges of temperature and pressure found on Earth. The production of phosphine gas occurs in only specialized, local conditions. source
The phosphor cycle is simpler than the carbon cycle or the nitrogen cycles. The phosphorus cycle does not include movement through the atmosphere since no gas contains phosphorus significantly. In addition, phosphorus is found only in one form of inorganic phosphate (P043-) (in water and soil) and which is absorbed by plants and used for organic synthesis. Weathering rocks slowly add phosphate to the soil.
when the producer combines phosphorus with biological molecules, phosphorus is transferred to the consumer in organic form. The organic phosphate of dead animals and plants is decomposed by decomposers into inorganic phosphates. Inorganic phosphates dissolved in groundwater or sea water will be eroded and settle in marine sediments.
Therefore, phosphates are found in rocks and fossils. Phosphates of stone and fossils are eroded and form inorganic phosphate dissolved in groundwater and sea. This inorganic phosphate will then be absorbed by the roots of the plant again. This cycle is repeated continuously. Thus, most phosphates rearrange locally between soil, plants, and consumers on the basis of an ecological timescale.
Reference
Biogeochemical cycle source
Biogeochemical wikipedia source
Phosphorus wikipedia source
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