I would say with 99% certainty that Bacillus F doesn't have any anti-aging effect on animals whatsoever.
I kind of understand why some pop science paper might get excited about it though. Bacillus species have a unique ability to sporulate...that is in times of environmental stress they form into these really hardy spores. They can be boiled or frozen with little effect. In graduate school, I worked on Bacillus and we used this sporulation to our benefit. We'd often store Bacillus at room temperature for years by inducing sporulation...very efficient and cost effective. Because they last so long and can't easily be killed, some might say that Bacillus spores are "immortal"
However, assuming that the ability to sporulate somehow confers an effect on animal physiology is ridiculous. Spores are so different from eukaryotes that any sort of anti-aging effect from them is more likely to arise by chance rather than by the immortality of spores somehow conferring that trait. One possibility for the results of the Russian scientsts referenced is that Bacillus spores end up contributing to the microbiome of mice which improves their overall health. However, this has nothing to do with anti-aging effect.
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Bacillus cells (red) forming endospores (green
For more info on sporulation, check out the in-depth Wikipedia pages.
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