Norbert Wiener, born in Missouri, USA, wrote Cybernetics in 1948 that inspired the Soviet OGAS project in 1962, that inspired the USA ARPANET project in 1969, building on the memetic foundation that Soviet produced, an indirect collaboration as an example of stigmergy, self-organization through following trails.
"It turned out that the plans to build a computer network were part of a much larger movement amongst Soviet scientists, cyberneticians, to reform the entire edifice of Soviet science under the banner of cybernetics, under the banner of mathematical modelling, computer simulation, as a way to get rid of the Stalinist legacy which put Soviet sciences into a very rigid condition. Introducing cybernetic models was a way to open up to all sorts of innovations in various sciences. "
