Indonesia Sea Potential and Coastal Communities Condition.
Coastal is a meeting area between land and sea; Kerelands include the mainland, both dry and subsequent water, which is still influenced by the marine properties such as tidal, sea breeze, and sermine water session; While in the overall sea includes the sea that is still influenced by the natural processes that occur on land like such as starch and flow of water, as well as those caused by human activities on land such as deforestation and pollution. Most of Indonesia are consisting of oceans and have considerable marine potential, with the potential that should have expected the life of the fishermen who drek to the marine potential. But in fact, the life of the fishermen is always persisted, palm efforts are often identified with poverty. The welfare level of the perpetrators of the fisheries (fishermen) at the moment is still under other sectors, including agricultural agricultural sectors. Fishermen (especially traditional fishermen and traditional fishermen) are groups of communities that can be classified as the poorest social coating among other groups of agriculture in the agricultural sector based on the Minister of Marine and Fisheries Number: Kep.10 / men / 2002 About general guidelines of integrated coastal management planning, coastal areas are defined as a transition area between land and sea intercourse which interacts, which in the direction of the sea 12 miles from the coastline for provinces and a third of the marine area (provincial authority) for districts / cities and towards the land administrative limit of Kabuparan / City. Coastal communities are a community living and conducting socio-economic activities related to coastal and ocean areas. Thus, narrowly coastal communities have a high enough dependence with the potential and conditions of coastal and ocean resources. Coastal communities are a set of communities (fishermen, fish cultivation, fish merchants, and other LANs) living together in the coastal area of forming and having a typical culture associated with their dependence on the utilization of coastal resources. Coastal communities include a stable and society that is in a marginal position. In addition, many dimensions of life unknown by outsiders about the characteristics of coastal society. They have different ways in the aspects of knowledge, trust, social role, and social structures. Meanwhile behind the back of the coastal community has no many ways to overcome the problem that is present. Characteristics of coastal areas when viewed from the biophysical aspects of the region, coastal and sea space and the resources contained in it are typical of so that the human intervention in the region has resulted in significant changes, such as the difficult landscape change, the process of water freshwater and seawater producing a typical ecosystem. Viewed from the aspect of ownership, coastal and sea areas and resources contained in it often have open properties. Socio-economic characteristics of coastal societies that are mostly in general coastal-based events in the marine sector such as fishermen, fish cultivation, sand mining and sea transportation. In terms of coastal education levels are mostly low. As well as the environmental conditions of coastal community settlements, especially fishermen are still not well-informed and impressed slums. With the socio-economic conditions of the relatively society are in low levels of well-being, in the long term of pressure on coastal resources will be increasingly large to fulfill the needs of coastal societies. Communities in the coastal area Indonesia is mostly professional-fishery fishermen obtained by their ancestors. The characteristics of the fishermen are formed following the dynamic nature of its harvesting resources, so to get the maximum catch, the fisherman must move. In addition, high business risks cause the fishermen of life in a huge atmosphere where it is always overwhelmed by the uncertainty in carrying out its business.
The condition of the fishermen or coastal communities is a relatively economically socially labor-century community (especially in terms of access to health education and health services), and culturally compared with other community groups. The condition of coastal communities or fishermen in various areas is generally characterized by some features, such as poverty, socio-cultural retardation, low human resources (HR). The coastal areas are defined as the transition area between sea and land, toward land covering the area that is still affected by the influence of the spark of water or tidal, and toward the sea includes the continent of the continent exposure. This region is the place of accumulation of various materials both from the upstream or local due to various kinds of human activities. Therefore, with the utilization of the coastal and ocean, and optimal source of resources can encourage high local economic growth and can provide a major advantage of the welfare of coastal society. But in fact, until now the coastal and sea areas have not been a priority of the economic growth of national economy and can not to provide prosperity for the community, so that at this time can be seen that most of the coastal communities are still under the poverty line.
Potential of Marine Resources
Indonesia's natural resources is a strategic nation asset to be developed on the basis of economic activity on the utilization of renewable natural resources and environmental services. Of the 7.7 million km total area of Indonesia, only 1.9 million km of land. While the remaining 5.8 million km is territorial sea territory. Coupled with Indonesia's exclusive economic zone (ZEEI) of 2.7 million km, and realizing that the area is located in a tropical region known as the center of biodiversity, the real potential of Indonesia's natural resources is enormous. However, nowadays there has been a tendency to increase the intensity of exploitation which began to threaten the sustainability of these resources. Therefore, the reorientation of marine and fishery resource policy formulation is crucial and needs serious attention.
Development of marine resources at this time become a mainstay for the nation of Indonesia to make economic recovery due to multi-dimenation crisis that began to plague our nationality. At this time the economic base of Indonesia is still in the stage of factors driven economy, which is an economic activity based on natural resource factors. Whereas the availability of natural resources, especially those located on the land that is increasingly depleted, so the only alternative available to maintain the sustainability of development, before switching to the stage of innovation driven economy, is the utilization of coastal resources and the ocean.
Definition of Society
According Koentjaraningrat, society is a group of people who mingle each other, or with other terms interact with each other. The unity of human life that interacts according to a certain system of customs that is continuous and bound by a sense of common identity (Efendy, 2010).
According to Soerdjono Soekanto, society or community is referring to the part of the people who live in a region (in the sense of geography) with certain limits, where that is essentially a greater interaction of its members, in comparison with the population outside its borders . Meanwhile, according to Mac Iaver, society is a group of people who inhabit a particular territory and the existence of interdependent properties, the division of labor and culture together.