From BBC
China has successfully sent "hack-proof" messages from a satellite to Earth for the first time. The Micius satellite beamed messages to two mountain-top receiving stations 645 km (400 miles) and 1,200 km away. The message was protected by exploiting quantum physics, which says any attempt to eavesdrop on it would make detectable changes.Read more: http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-40885723Using satellites avoids some limitations that ground-based systems introduce into quantum communication.
Weak signalsComplicated optics on the Chinese satellite protect messages with entangled photons - sub-atomic particles of light manipulated so that some of their key properties are dependent on each other.
The curious laws of the quantum realm dictate that any attempt to measure these key properties irrevocably changes them. By encoding a key to encrypt data using entangled photons, it becomes possible to send messages confident that they have reached a recipient free of interference.Ground-based encryption systems that use entangled photons have been available for years. However, the maximum distance over which messages can be sent securely is about 200km. This is because the fibre-optic cables through which they travel gradually weaken the signals.
Repeater stations can boost distances but that introduces weak points that attackers may target to scoop up messages.
By contrast, laser signals sent through the atmosphere or via satellites in space can travel much further before being weakened.
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