Nice post! I think transhumanism might not get us very far. I think the idea of recreating a "digital brain" might be possible, but the different biological aspects of brain chemistry and hormones might make us less human than what we might like.

I think genetic modification and treatments are the way to go, theres tons of animals who have genes which in some way inhibit, reverse or reduce the effects of telomerase and manipulation of the human growth hormone has been shown to increase lifespan in mice. It's more of a matter of how we can dissect these genes and determine how to use it for ourselves.