Our world has been through many centuries of existence and development, in every stage of human development that is paralleled by the great revolutions of the world that directly affect human life. In the process of human development from primitive times, we have seen so many revolutionary changes, in which the industrial revolution holds a very important position of influence to the existence and development of the world.
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Here are brief summaries of the four industrial revolutions in the history of mankind.
1. The First Industrial Revolution - Mechanization.
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The first industrial revolution began around the middle of the 18th century, starting in the United Kingdom with the introduction of steam engines. This invention has enabled the textile industry to make miraculous advances in the application of steam engines to the manufacture of high-capacity automatic weaving machines, which has reduced manual labor and increased labor productivity. Many times more than manual labor.
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The achievements of the first industrial revolution:
- In 1733, John Kay invented the flying shuttle.
- In 1764, James Hagreaves produced a spinning machine - pulling 16-18 spindles at a time, which increased productivity by eight times.
- In 1769, Richard Arkwright improved the spinning of the word by hand instead of the animal, later pulling with power of water.
- In 1779, Cromtom improved its advanced weaving machine.
- In 1785, Rev. Edmund Cartwright created a loom that would increase productivity by 40 times.
- In 1784, James Watt invented the steam engine.
- In 1784, Henry Cort found a way to iron treatment “puddling”.
- In 1807, Robert Fulton built steamship ships.
- In 1814, the first steam engine locomotive was born.
The first industrial revolution enabled human production to shift from manual labor to semi-manual labor with the help of machinery, which reduced manpower and increased labor productivity. This has opened the door to a vibrant era for the industry and made the process of human development a new one, an important premise of later industrial inventions and revolutions.
2. The Second Industrial Revolution - Electrification.
The second industrial revolution took place from 1871 to 1914. This period was the boom of industrialization in Europe and America. The sectors that have enjoyed tremendous growth over this period are chemicals, petroleum, steel and electricity. This phase is associated with the electrification process with achievements such as automatic machines and automated machine systems, robots, automatic control systems, the application of scientifically based management. The pioneers of this period were Nikola Tesla, Thomas Alva Edison, George Westinghouse and Frederick Winslow Taylor.
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The Second Industrial Revolution transformed human labor into a whole new chapter - "automation". And this has created an industrial society - machinery with mass production lines.
3. The Third Industrial Revolution - Automation.
It can be said that the third industrial revolution began since the beginning of the Second World War. It was the introduction of weapons systems researched and applied by the parties in the this war. The highlights of this period were the introduction of television, semiconductor, electronics, radar, missiles, atomic bombs, synthetic fibers, pseudo- lin, atomic bombs, artificial satellites, jet airplanes, nuclear power plants, integrated circuits, satellite communications, high-speed trains...
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The third industrial revolution really exploded between the 1960s and the later years of the twentieth century. This period saw the arrival of computers, the internet, superhard materials, 5th generation computer, genetic engineering, nuclear energy technology...
More than ever, the advent of computers and the internet is the most important feature of the third industry revolution, which marks the beginning of a great development of human society in the development process. The achievement of the third industrial revolution is the premise of globalization and the creation of a “flat world”.
4. The Fouth Industrial Revolution – Digitization.
“We are moving towards a technological revolution, which fundamentally changes our way of life, our working style and our way of communicating. In terms of scope, level and complexity, this shift is not the same as anything that people have experienced”. That is confirmed by Prof. Klaus Schwab, chairman of the Davos World Economic Forum.
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The fourth industrial revolution has been emerging since the middle of the last century, combining technologies that blur the boundaries between the physical, digital and biological fields.
The pillars of the Fourth Industrial Revolution are: Big data; Internet of Thing; Artificial Intelligence; Self-driving technology; Advanced robot; 3D printing technology; New material; Gene technology.
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Industrial Revolution 4.0 is built primarily on the foundation of the internet. This revolution is expected to raise global incomes and improve the quality of life for the people. In the future we will continue to look forward to the next achievements of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and continue to expect that human life will continue to be further enhanced by inheriting the achievements of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.