Canada allows for cows to be left on transport trucks for up to 52 hours. They only have to be given food and water when unloaded.
Source: http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/beef11990
What your average transport truck look like.
Canada was recently labeled the worst in the west for animal welfare.
Source: http://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/canada-s-livestock-transportation-rules-worst-in-the-western-world-advocate-1.2820563
Pigs and chickens can be left on trucks for 36 hours. The Canadian Food Inspection Agency says between 2 and 3 million animals die in transport every year as procedures for transporting animals don't account for extremely hot or cold weather either.
The USA isn't much better. Cattle can be left on the trucks without water for up to 28 hours, or possibly longer. Pigs can go 24 hours. What's worse, the USDA is infamous for not even enforcing these laws and it isn't unusual for animals to go days on the trucks without care.
Europe is a little better. Sheep and cattle can go 14 hours. Pigs can go 24 hours, but they must have access to water on the truck. They also have laws about transporting animals in extremely hot or cold weather.
Australia's laws are closer to Canada and the USA's laws. A survey of Canadians showed over 90% of the population supported improving regulations, such as requiring water every 8 hours.