Scientists say they have unlocked the DNA blueprint of the cane toad, raising fresh hopes of slowing the animal's destruction of habitats.
The amphibian, native to South America, has become a prolific pest since it was introduced in other parts of the world last century.
In Australia, it has spread rapidly and had a deadly impact on native wildlife.
Researchers say the draft genome could be a crucial step in efforts to halt the animal's march.
"Sequencing the genome is the quantum leap that means we can understand it better and start to do lots of other things around its control," said emeritus Prof Rick Shine, a study co-author from the University of Sydney.
The international team of researchers said the discovery would offer biological clues about the animal's evolution.
Cane toads are highly adaptable and can be found in more than 130 countries, the researchers said.
Since being introduced to Australia in 1935 to control a sugarcane beetle, the species has spread rapidly across the nation.
Cane toads threaten many larger species - such as snakes, lizards and even crocodiles - which ingest the amphibian's deadly toxin.
"It is a very adaptable and invasive animal - it came from a wet jungle and was able to hop across arid desert in northern Australia," Prof Peter White, from the University of New South Wales, told the BBC.
"That shows you the capability it has to evolve to the environment."
With a genome in place, it will be easier and cheaper to track evolutionary changes in other cane toads, Prof White said.