The 2nd Phase of Filipino History, Nation and Its Crisis
In the second phase in the history of Filipinos - the era of Nation - the Settlement as divided town, will move to the formation of Nation in the form estate archipelago. In the start, the first settlement faced a crisis; the coming together of estate nation or society in a single place, and on the other side, when the foreigner establish a colonial estate in the basis of the previous estate nation of Manila. As the time pass, we notice their competition - the community of the native and the muslim estate against the Spanish - together with the expansion of interpretation and reality of nation inside the colonial system towards the appearance of the two model or project for the establishment of the Country.
First is the "Mother Nation" which rooted from tradition of nation. If gives significance to brotherhood, mutual understanding, fair rights and full independence. This was the goal held by Andres Bonifacio and the "Sons of the Nation" during the time of rebellion. The second project is the nation of the aculture elites as "Filipinos" was molded from the culture and civilization of the western Europe.
Upon reaching 1896, the rebellion headed by the nation occured. The trust from their own ability had returned guaranteed by the full convenience and freedom from all; but through the coup de tat in Tejeros last March 22 to May 10, 1897, the patriotic faction of Aguinaldo will take over the leadership of the rebellion which will then become the revolution of the elites. The two tradition of people and nation will temporarily join forces. On the last part of this phase, the principle initiated by the political nation will succeed after the group of Aguinaldo declared "Independence of Philippines."
Crisis in the Filipino Society
Last 1588, the Spanish regime started to widen their territory in the Philippines after the suppression of the conspiracy in Tondo. Due to this failure, the Filipino society had experienced crisis in the political system and economy. In politics, the agreement between the radya and datu were embroiled. The "datu" became governor and the other people collaborated with the friars, and as a learner and knows how to speak Spanish, blended with them. The political crisis was still a crisis in the order of the society: the Spanish turn out to be on top, even on to those people who collaborated with them.
In the economy, the labor system called "encomiendas" (a system that grants the Spanish soldier a piece of land together with its current inhabitants) came in which will then use to support the expenses of the ruler. Due to this changes, most of the people loss rights over their lands and became paid farmers. Cities and villas were established as centers of political administrative system which the very center is the previous estate nation. The system were strengthen by the assuring the south portion of the country. This was also assuring the Galyon trade, which was establish to connect the China-Manila trade and the new trans-pacific correlation Manila-Acapulco, including the Mexico-Europe through Atlantic ocean.
Filipino (especially the Muslims) opposed the new system of estate and because of this, the aggression of the Spaniards did not totally win, although they had occupied the Ternate and build Zamboanga. However, the Spaniard withdrawn their forces fom Ternate, Dapitan and Zamboanga to Manila to defend it against Koxinga (a chinese conquestor). Therefore, in 1663, the forces in Manila barely controlled the Souther archipelago. Only in the year 1719, Spaniard were able to come back to Zamboanga.
Estate Destiny of Raha Sulayman
Despite in the increasing forces of Spanish in Manila, the estate that were not reach by their forces continued on its habitual communication from each other and to the overseas. Magat Salamat and Agustin Legazpi communicated to the Sultan in Brunei to take out control of Manila from the Spaniards. The rise of Spanish forces in the South resulted to the unification of ethnic estates in Mindanao Sulu. Not so soon, Manila were fully controlled by the Spaniards. They instituted Christianism so they can easily spread their culture and the conquest of the nation. They build buildings, produce weapons and ocean vessels. They also altered trade ruotes and made Manila as the center of trades.
Although the nation of Rajah Sulayman is beside the nation of Lakandula where lots of people are residing, the organization of the two as estate are dependent on the organization of the "balangay." The "datu" is the one who controls the balangay; the king (superior of the datu), together with the committee of the datu, is controlling the nation. The king as leader is usually has the strongest economical situation.
During the arrival and occupation of the Spaniards, we can see that the basis of societal system had change from the concept of nation to the concept of pueblo, villa, & city. Pueblo is an organization of nation; villa is bigger than the pueblo and has complex system of management; ciudad - even bigger than the villa and has a very complex administration. The difference on these 3 systems if the complexity of their administration.
During that time, Manila has a strong relationship with the Sulanate of Brunei and the Spaniards stop it. This was done by Sande by attacking the said forces. Brunei were beaten but the Spaniards were lost because dysentery invaded the expedition. On the side, the Spaniards exploited the relationship of the Philippines and China by attracting the whole Chinese trade to Manila, which resulted to the compilation of Chinese trades in Manila.
Source:
History of Filipino
By: Zeus Salazar