Zimbabwe is a landlocked country located in South Africa, with the Zambezi and Lampopo rivers, bordered to the south by South Africa, Botswana
to the southwest, Zambia to the north-west and Mozambique to the east. The capital and its largest cities are Harare.
Zimbabwe has its history and sites of many kingdoms and emperors, as well as the main route of immigration and trade to become the colony of
the current land demarcation by the British company Cecil Rhodes in South Africa during 1890, until autonomy in southern Rhodesia in 1923. In
1965, the conservative government of the white minority declared the independence of Rhodesia unilaterally, and the unrecognized state assumed
international isolation and the 15-year civil war between the government and the black national powers. And culminated in the Peace Agreement
that establishes the right to vote for all and the rule of law in April 1980.
Zimbabwe is an ethnically diverse country in nearly 13 million people, it has 16 official languages, with English, and Shona and Ndebele are
the two most common languages. President Robert Mugabe is the head of state and government, the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces, famed as
a champion of the cause against colonialism, and Mugabe also considers the economic downturn and authority responsible for its registration
in the field of human rights. He has been in power since 1980: he became prime minister until 1987, and the president of both the state and the
government since then.
Economy
Its main exports are minerals, gold, agriculture, and tourism revenue is the main foreign currency in Zimbabwe. The mining sector remains highly
profitable. It has the largest platinum reserves in the world and is being exploited by the Anglo-American Legislative Council and the
Impala Platinum, alongside the Marange Diamond Fields, which was discovered in 2006 and is one of the largest diamond producing countries in
more than a century. The ability to improve the financial situation in the country to a large extent, but almost disappeared all the proceeds
from the fields to military officers and politicians and the ZANU-PF, where the carat produced from the Marang field, one of the largest
diamond production projects in the world, To produce 12 million carats in 2014, worth more than $ 350 million, and Zimbabwe is South Africa's
largest trading partner on the continent.
Taxes and customs duties are high for private enterprises, while the region is strongly subsidized by state institutions, which regulate
state-mandated enterprises, start liquidation of slow and expensive business activity, and government spending was expected to reach 67% of
GDP in 2007. Tourism has been an important industry for the country, but it has failed in recent years. The Zimbabwe Conservation Task Force
issued a report in June 2007, estimating 60 percent of Zimbabwe's wildlife, which has died since 2000 for overfishing and deforestation. The
ICT sector in Zimbabwe has been growing rapidly.
Zimbabwe maintained its economic growth positively throughout 1980 (GDP growth was 5% and the economy declined from 2000 to 5% and 8% in 2001
, 12% in 2002 and 18% in 2003. Zimbabwe participated from 1998- 2002 The war with the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which has drained
hundreds of millions of dollars from its economy, has spiraled into the economy mainly due to mismanagement and corruption by the government
and the expulsion of more than 4,000 white farmers in the controversial redistribution of land in 2000. The Zimbabwe government And its
supporters that Western policies were sabotaging the economy in retaliation for the expulsion of relatives they .
By 2005, the purchasing power of the Zimbabwean average had fallen to the same levels in real terms. In 2005, the government led by central
bank governor Gideon Juno approached white farmers to return, with 400 to 500 lands still left in the country , But much of the confiscated
land is no longer productive. In January 2007, the government of some white farmers signed long-term leases, but at the same time, the
government continued to claim that all remaining white farmers, who had earlier given evacuation orders , To evacuate the land or be Are
subject to arrest.
Agriculture
Zimbabwe's commercial agriculture sector has traditionally been a source of exports and foreign exchange, providing 400,000 jobs. However, the
government's agrarian reform program has been severely damaged in the sector, Zimbabwe has become a net importer of food products over the last
10 years, the crops of the International Institute for Research in the Semi-Arid Tropics, and may help farmers in Zimbabwe to adopt
conservation agriculture techniques, Which can help increase yields through the application of the three minimum principles of soil disturbance
and legumes based on legumes. Using a membership card, farmers can improve breeds, reduce evaporation and soil erosion, Pric membership between
2005 and 2011, the number of small-scale agriculture practice conservation in Zimbabwe from 5000 to the owners of more than 150,000, with
grain yields rose between 15 and 100 per cent in various regions.
tourism
Since the agrarian reform program in 2000, tourism in Zimbabwe has steadily declined, following a massive rise in 1990 to 1 million in 1999, with the number of visitors dropping to 75% in Zimbabwe in 2000. By December, 20% of hotel rooms have a huge impact on Zimbabwe's economy. Thousands of jobs have been lost in the industry due to the closure of companies or the inability to pay employees due to the decline in the number of tourists. Many airlines have also withdrawn from Zimbabwe, including Australia, Kantas, German Lufthansa, Austrian Airlines and British Airways. All direct flights to Harare, Zimbabwe's leading air carrier, which operated on flights throughout Africa, Few places in Europe and Asia, operations ceased in February 2012. Many light aircraft charter companies operate in Zimbabwe, providing a fast and secure way to travel to the region, one of the largest.
Zimbabwe boasts many of the main tourist attractions, where the Victoria Falls are located on the Zambezi River, which is shared with Zambia, in northwestern Zimbabwe, before the economic changes, much of the tourism to these sites came to the Zimbabwe side, but Zambia is now the beneficiary the main . Victoria Falls National Park also operates in this area, one of the eight main national parks in Zimbabwe, the largest of which is Huangi National Park.
While the eastern highlands are a series of mountainous areas near the border with Mozambique, the highest peak in Zimbabwe. Nyangani on 2,593 meters high, as well as the Bvumba Mountains and Nyanga National Park, as well as a number of important ancient cities built in a unique style of dry stone, the most famous of which are the ruins of Great Zimbabwe in Masvingo, and other ruins include the ruins of Khami and Zimbabwe.
Zimbabwe has become a popular tourist attraction because of its ancient forms and local wildlife, where Cecil Rhodes and other white pioneers such as Wonder Star Jameson were buried in these hills at a world-famous site.