⏩An ecosystem is an ecological system formed by the interrelationships between living things and their environment. The ecosystem can also be said to be a unified whole order between all elements of the environment that affect each other....✍️
Understanding Terrestrial Ecosystems And 6 Biomes
The ecosystem is divided into 2, namely: terrestrial ecosystem and water ecosystem.*
The terrestrial ecosystem consists of 6 biomes
⏩Bioma is a typical and wide-ranging land ecosystem
🗣️--1. Desert Biomes
🗣️--2. Wet Forest Biomes
🗣️--3. Deciduous forests
🗣️--4. Taiga Forest Biomes / Homogeneous Forests
🗣️--5. biome tundra
🗣️---6. Grassland Bioma
>1. Desert Biomes
Desert biome is a biome dominated by rock / sand with plants very rarely. This biome is most widely terpust in about 20 degrees lu, ranging from the Atlantic coast in Africa to central Asia. Throughout the area there are Sahara desert complex, arabic desert and gobi desert with an area of 10 million sq km.
⏩Desert biomes have the following characteristics:
Very low rainfall, <250 mm / year with very high solar intensity.
The evaporation rate is higher than rainfall.
Groundwater tends to be salty because the salt solution in the soil does not tend to move either by washing by water or drainage
Plants that live in desert areas are generally plants that have small leaves like thorns and long-rooted.
Small leaves function to reduce evaporation
Long roots serve to take water from the deep and then stored in a spongy tissue.
Types of plants that live in desert areas for example: cactus, dates
>2. Wet Forest Biomes
Wetlands are found in tropical regions including the central american peninsula, south america, africa, madagascar, northern australia, indonesia and malaysia. In this forest there are various types of plants that can live because of getting enough sun and rainfall.
The characteristics of wet forest biomes include:
Rainfall is very high, more than 2,000 mm / year
The main trees have a height of between 20-40 m.
Branches of leafy and wide-leaved trees are always green throughout the year
Get enough sunlight, but the sunlight is not able to penetrate the forest floor.
Have a microclimate in the environment around the surface of the ground / under the canopy (the leaves on large trees that form the hood)
Types of plants that live in the forest of wetlands include: strangler-tree-and-jelutung
Because trees in the tropical forests are on average high and the soil surface is relatively often inundated by water, so many animals living in this wetland area are primate species climbers such as:
>3. Deciduous forests
The fall forest biome is a biome located in the range of 30-40 degrees latitude lu / ls. Deciduous forest biomes exist in temperate climates located in the eastern United states, the southern tip of the American continent, the English and Australian islands.
The characteristics of forest biomes fall are as follows:
Rainfall is evenly distributed between 750mm - 1,000mm per year
The trees are broad-leaved, green in winter, fall out in the summer and have dense canopy.
It has warm summers and not too cold winters.
The distance between one tree with another tree is not too tight / tenuous
The number / types of plants are relatively small
Has 4 seasons, which is summer-autumn-cold-spring
Some of the major plant species that live in deciduous forest biomes such as oak, basswood, and flowering terna
The fauna found in the deciduous forest biome areas are Panda (Chinese endemic animals), insects, birds, squirrels, dogs, deer, racoon (civet / mongoose).
At each turn of the season there are some changes in the deciduous forest biome:
In summer the tall trees grow with dense leaves and form a hood, but sunlight can still penetrate the hood to the ground because the leaves are thin
As autumn approaches winter, the emission of solar energy decreases, the temperature is low and the water is cool enough. Therefore the leaves become red and brown, then fall because the plants are difficult to get water. Leaves and fruits that fall later become a pile of organic compounds.
When winter becomes snow, plants become bare, some animals experience / in hibernation state (long sleep in winter).
As spring approaches summer, temperatures rise, snow melts, plants begin to leaf again, shrubs begin to grow on the surface of the soil, the hibernation animals begin to reactivate
>4. Taiga Forest Biomes / Homogeneous Forests
This biome is mostly present in the region between subtropics and polar regions, such as in Scandinavia, Russia, Siberia, Alaska, Canada.
The characteristics of taiga forest biomes:
The difference between summer and winter temperatures is quite high, in high temperature summer, in winter the temperature is very low.
Plant growth occurs in the summer that lasts between 3 to 6 months.
The typical flora is a tree of needle leaf / conifer tree, the example of a conifer tree is Pinus merkusii (pine). Plant diversity in low taiga biomes, vegetation almost uniform, dominant coniferous trees because almost uniform, forest is called a homogeneous forest. The plants are green throughout the year, though in winter with very low temperatures.
The fauna found in this area are black bears, invitees, wolves and birds migrating into the tropics when winter arrives. Several types of animals such as squirrels and other small mammals as well as hibernate during the winter.
>.5.biome tundra
Biome tundra is a biome found in the north and south polar regions. In this biome there are no trees that can grow, there are only small plants such as grass and moss. This biome is located around the circle of artic, greenland in the north polar region. In the south polar region is found in Antarctica and small islands around Antarctica. The tundra biome based on the climatic division is present in the eternal ice zone (ef) and tundra climate (et)
Characteristics of tundra biome:
Almost all its territory is covered by snow / ice. It has a long, dark winter and a long and bright summer. This event occurs because the pseudo-motion of the sun only reached the position of 23.5 ° lu / ls. The age of growing plants is very short, ranging from 30 - 120 days (1 - 4 months)
Characteristic features:
Getting a bit of solar radiation energy, a very long winter can last for 9 months with a dark atmosphere.
The summer lasts for 3 months, during which vegetation grows.
The typical fauna of the tundra biome is "Muskoxem" (thick-headed bison) and Reindeer / Caribou (wildebeest).
Types of vegetation that can live in tundra biome such as lichen crust, grass teki, plant terna, and short shrubs.
> 6. Grassland Bioma
The meadow bioma extends from the tropics to temperate regions, such as Hungary, South Russia, Central Asia, South America, Australia.
Characteristic features:
Rainfall between 25 - 50 cm / year, in some areas of grassland hajannya can reach 100 cm / year.
The relatively low rainfall drops off irregularly.
The drop of irregular rain causes the porosity and drainage to be inadequate so that herbs are difficult to collect water.
Biotic environment:
Flora: plants that are able to adapt to areas with porosity and poor drainage are grass, although there are other plants that live besides grass, but because they are the dominant vegetation it is called grassland. The names of grasses vary like steppes in Southern Russia, puzta in Hungary, prairies in North America and pampas in Argentina.
Fauna: bison and wild horse (mustang) in America, elephants and giraffes in Africa, sheep and kangaroos in Australia. Carnivores: lions, wolves, wild dogs, cheetahs.
