The Beginning of the Universe is a challenge in many ways. Philosophically speaking, both the idea that the Universe had a beginning, and the one that presupposes the eternal existence of the Universe, are essential for contemplation.
Scientifically, the existence of a Big Bang beginning is the theory that has won and is the basis today, as Sean Carrol, a Caltech physicist and author of The Big Lecture: On the Origin of Life, Meaning, and the Universe Itself .
Time is eternal?
Another element worth considering is the time. According to Erwin Schrodinger, time is eternal, but physicists make the assumption that time is not a fundamental part of reality, but is an emerging property - a useful way to speak of our tangible macroscopic reality, such as furniture, but which are components of a deeper architecture, such as the particle and the forces that hold them together. In other words, what we experience as the "passage of time" is not a basic element in the functioning of nature, just a useful pattern, reflecting the relationships between different parts of the wave function of the universe.
There is a scientific possibility to prove that time is emerging. According to mathematics behind the theory of relativity space-time is curved, too, this bend has a negative energy. It is thus possible for the universe to take its positive energy from matter, radiation, etc., and it is canceled by the negative energy of space-time curvature. The total energy would be zero. This, according to Carrol, one can prove that time is emerging and there was a time when "the hour began to go".
The scientist also mentions to the Financial Times that the Big Bang theory, through which the Universe expands, expands space, is the result of Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity.
This theory assumes that about 13.8 billion years ago, matter was infinitely dense and hot, and expansion was incredibly high. Also, the Big Band is a time and no space in space, so this event has also created space. This theory is so difficult to digest, as the
This limitation in knowledge also brings with it an ontology problem, as stated by Carrol: "the question" what was before the Big Bang? "Is analogous to" what's north of the North Pole? "" So it may seem meaningless.
Also, the Big Bang is a prediction of Einstein's relativity and is not an empirical observation. The Big Bang model resulting from this event is observable, such as the distance of the galaxies from each other, or the existence of the remaining elements when the universe was a "nuclear reactor."
By comparison, the event itself, or point 0, remained unknown. Another element that Carrol has taken into account is quantum mechanics, which, at least until today, has remained incompatible with the theory of relativity. Quantum mechanics describes the processes that take place at the atomic level, and since the universe was initially extremely small, this area is relevant.
What Physicists Can Help is a elaboration of methods to reconcile the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics.
The physicist then comes up with an interesting hypothesis: a leap or preexisting universe that contracts before the Big Bang event. Thus, the universe is in a continuous process of contraction and expansion. According to the laws of known physics, this would be impossible, but since the last laws of the universe are not known, this possibility can be taken into account, especially under such different conditions as our usual experience.
Quantum mechanics can provide the answer
Another interesting possibility is that quantum mechanics fundamentally alters the way we look at this event. The quantum mechanics states that things like positions and speeds do not exist. What exists in quantum mechanics are functions of waves. These are mathematical objects that evolve according to an equation developed by Erwin Schrodinger in 1925, and allow for the probability calculation of what we will observe in an experiment.
The wave function is the most complete way to specify the state of a system. Also, since the velocity and position of the particles in a quantum system are not relevant, space is not. This leads to the idea that "it is conceivable that the wave function of the universe evolves in such a way that we can measure what it was doing when it was close to the Big Bang event, so there is a tremendous probability that we can see the jump."
Source:Google universe documentary