A SUPERVOLCANO is the most destructive force on our planet. Power of their eruption is ten times more than ordinary volcanoes. While they lie dormant for hundreds of thousands of years, the magma trapped in huge tanks inside their vents. But once she poured on the surface of the earth with apocalyptic force, capable of destroying entire continents. Such sleeping "monsters" on Earth is only a few and one of them is the volcano the Yellowstone Caldera.
The latest huge eruption happened at Toba in Sumatra 75 thousand years ago. This eruption changed life on Earth. Thousands of cubic kilometers of ash into the atmosphere, and the sun's rays could not penetrate its depth. There has been a global temperature drop of 21 degrees.
Within two and a half thousand miles from the volcano ash layer thickness of 35 cm covered the surface of the earth. A huge amount of water vapor and toxic gases of the volcano condenses into huge clouds spilled acid black rain. The world population has decreased by ten times. At the same time reduced the number of animals, many species became extinct.
Three-quarters of the plant world of the Northern hemisphere were killed. What are supervolcanoes? Conventional volcanoes are known to have the form of a cone Supervolcanoes are huge hollows or depressions in the ground called calderas. When an ordinary volcano erupts, the lava gradually rises through the crater to the crater on top of a mountain and poured down.
In supervolcanoes when magma is near the Earth's surface, it does not reach her, and instead begins to fill massive underground reservoirs. Magma melts the rock and becomes thicker and denser so that the volcanic gases that cause the eruption of volcanoes in the ordinary, can not pass through it. Therefore, a huge amount of molten magma pushes from below the Earth's surface. This continues for hundreds of thousands of years until, until the eruption of a monstrous force that blows up the earth. There is a new Caldera.
The main difference supervolcanoes — their huge size and power of the eruption that is ten thousand times superior to the normal force of the eruption of volcanoes. Still in Sumatra visible Caldera left from the last eruption of the volcano. While not all of the volcanoes are giants existing on Earth. One of the largest is in Yellowstone Park in the United States. First, scientists could not detect this Caldera because of its huge size, it is only visible on photographs taken from space.
The entire Park area of 3825 square kilometers and is the Caldera. Under the Park is a giant reservoir of magma. Scientists have set ourselves the task to calculate the date of the next SUPERVOLCANO eruption. They found that the land in Yellowstone Park has risen by 74 centimeters compared to the level of 1923. This proves the presence of a swelling array under the surface of the Park. At present, the underground reservoir of the volcano is filled with magma at an alarming rate.
According to scientists, the period between the explosions of the volcano is approximately 600 thousand years. The last eruption of this monster occurred 640 thousand years ago. So, apparently, we are in anticipation of the next cataclysm. What will happen to the Earth and especially this region during the eruption of the volcano? Everything starts with a strong earthquake.
The soil in the garden will rapidly rise until the earthquake did not crack the rock layer that holds the magma inside. A lot of pressure, accumulated over 640 thousand years, erupts and magma emitted to a height of fifty kilometers. Within a thousand kilometers virtually all life would perish under the falling ash and lava. Volcanic ash cover with a thick layer of even such distant from Allocconsole Park areas as Iowa and the Gulf of Mexico.
Thousands of cubic kilometers of lava will pour out of the volcano. This amount is sufficient to cover the entire surface of the USA layer of fifteen inches. The eruption would have the power to 2500 times greater than the force of the last eruption of Etna. The long-term effects caused by the eruption of the SUPERVOLCANO will be even more significant for the entire planet.
Thousands of cubic kilometers of ash ejected into the atmosphere, will close the sunlight, causing a sharp global temperature drop. Comes something resembling a "nuclear winter". Just as after the explosion on Sumatra, a large number of animals and plants will die because of falling ash and lower the temperature. Almost the entire crop of grain grown in the Great plains, will disappear in a few hours, as they will be covered with ash.
The strongest test will be on North America, but every corner of the globe will suffer from lower temperatures and acid rain. Everywhere on Earth people will experience food shortages. If the temperature drops to 21 degrees, as during the last SUPERVOLCANO eruption in both hemispheres of the ice cover extensive areas that will become uninhabitable. We can say that the effect of the eruption of the SUPERVOLCANO will be largely similar to the effects of nuclear war.
Currently, American scientists are conducting intensive research in Yellowstone Park. From low-earth orbit satellite is imaging of the surface of the Earth in search not found until Calder. Mankind is facing the question of how to escape from the eruption of the volcano or at least to reduce the consequences of its destructive activities.
Scientists believe that to prevent the eruption of the volcano impossible. In the press leaked information about the report on research in Yellowstone Park, which was submitted to Congress. The content of the report is not disclosed, obviously, this is done in order not to sow panic among the population. Perhaps soon we will learn about the data characterizing the current state of the SUPERVOLCANO in Yellowstone because of an impending danger threatens all humanity and to resist it only at the international level.
