Hey and welcome to steem.
The amount that the $$ goes up by is determined by the voter's voting power.
Long story short, the more Steem Power you have, the more your vote will add to the $$ amount.
What is Steem Power? If you go into your wallet you'll see three currencies:
- Steem
- Steem Power
- Steem Dollars
The more Steem Power you have, the greater your voting influence. So my vote, for example, is worth about $0.32 at 100% voting power.
Voting Power, though, will diminish as you vote more and more, and is recharged daily. This prevents people from just going down the list and upvoting everything. So maybe the first couple of posts I upvote get $0.32. But then the next 4 or 5 only get $0.30. And it keeps going and going until my votes also only get $0.01.
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More info is found in this great post by 
RE: how to increase votes in your post?