Sigmund Feud is one of the father's figures of an unconscious element of our thinking. He developed the psychoanalytic theory, in which the personality consisted of three interacting parts; the I'd, ego, and superego. The of, which acts in the unconscious mind is the infantile part and the personality. It is present from birth and is dominated by all impulsive drives. Thirst, ginger, and sex, are the psychological needs of the individuals in which immediate gratification must be sought----"I want it and I want it now!. In an adult, these tensions maybe experienced with the ability to identify the source.
Opposing the demands of the I'd is the superego. This is a conscious drive that restraints or inhibits the impulsive forces of the I'd. It is the conscience and represents the demands of the family and Society mediating between demand of the I'd and the moral requirements of the superego is the ego. The ego is the individual's conscious control that includes ourself image. Its function is to balance the impulsive demands of the of and he sociocultural constraints of the superego, the wat in which it does so, what determines behavior.
An important Part of Freud's theory was the notion that the I'd, ego and superego are in frequent conflict with each other. Because the id's demand for instant gratification clashes with the superego's standard of moral behaviour, results in the individual experiencing anxiety. So the ego is left to spend most of the time trying to resolve these conflicts this defending itself using a number of defense mechanisms.
Freud believes that the source of mental energy was a biological and that people are driven by impulse to act that people are driven by impulse to act in certain ways, spurred on by needs. He called the energy behind these impulses "Libido" was inappropriately cathected and through the psychoanalytic process, this energy could be released and freed.
Abraham Maslow, an american psychologist and the forefront of the humanist movement in psychology, proposed a theory concerning basic human motivations that are based upon a hierarchy of needs(Boeree 1998,2006) often described or pictured as a pyramid, basic physiological drives like thirst, hunger, and sleep as well as the need for safety, shelter and some feeling of security are the motivational needs that occupy the bottom tiers of the pyramid. They provide the foundation for higher levels of needs to become present and available that the individual is arouswd or driven to attain. Once those physiological and safety needs are met then the individual looks to love, and be loved, to belong, self actualized e.t.c.
Maslow's foundation tier, the one upon which all others are built upon, is the physiological need. Air to breathe, food and water, and adequate sleep are all biological needs that the individual must have met. Not only to be motivated by the next level of need jb the hierarchy of needs but to survive. The body's biological drives to fulfil these needs willpredomonate all other activitiea , as the very life of the organisms is at stake (Boeree 1998,2006). Built just atop these, the most basic of biological needs is a need for safety. Shelter is imperative for the survival and growth of the individual and her immediate loved ones. Beyond just shelter, however, the safety needs motivates the level of needs, back in 1943.
The hierarchy of needs theory is a formation of the needs of an individual person. Basically this hierarchy of needs are. Asked on five (5) levels which are classified into:
Physiological needs.
Safety needs,
Love/belonging needs.
Esteem needs.
Self-actualization needs.
In the base of the pyramid is the physiological needs that are breathing, eating, drinking, sleeping and finding shelter. If this needs are not satisfied they become main concern in the person's life. The next stage of the pyramid is safety needs, it consists of security of body, of employment, of morality, of family, of health and of property. The next one is love/belonging that consist of friendship, family and sexual intimacy. This one is very important for human been because we need a feel of sense of belonging and acceptance. The next one is self-esteem, confidence achievement, respect for other and of others.
The last one is self actualization stage that consists in the development of morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem solving abilities and acceptance of facts. Obviously this one is the highest level of the pyramid. By satisfactorily passing all stages, the person can reach this stage.
CONCLUSIONS.
According to Maslow,most people do not satisfy their ego needs sufficiently to ever move to the fifth level of self-actualization.Maslow believed that few people achieved this level because most are stalled along the way by "Insurmountable social or environmental barriers" (Gross and Mcilveen 1998:143) but it remains a goal to arrive for and could be one of the most significant motivators of all, the need yo fulfil one's potential--- to become everything one is capable of becoming. The way, in which these needs are expressed will differ from person to person. Maslow's five (5) hierarchy of needs suggeatthat higher-order needa become the driving force behind the human behavior as lower-order needs are satisfied. In effect, he is saying that it is the dissatisfaction that motivates behavior whereas Freud believes that satisfaction and gratification are the driving force behind motivation. Although both theories are widely thought of, both theories have been widely criticized.
Freud suggested that all behavior is determined and the people are driven by unconscious forces beyond their control, therefore neglects the "free will" suggested by Maslow.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory has been very useful in offering an understanding of consumer needs. It is readily adoptable to marketing strategy, primarily because the goods one consumes. The comparison between Freud and Maslow is that both of them were interested in solving how the need or motivation is produced in a person.
REFERENCES.
- Bartleby.com
- Google search.
- Http://es.Wikipedia.org/wiki/PirA.
- BrainMass inc.