Ethereum Classic (ETC) uses a multistep protocol to send private messages between network nodes. This is referred to as the Elliptic Curve Integrated Encryption Scheme (ECIES). Procedure The first ETC

Amazingly, two strangers communicating over an insecure channel can create shared secrets only they know. One way is using the Elliptic Curve Diffie Hellman algorithm. Ethereum Classic (ETC) network nodes

Ethereum Classic (ETC) transactions do not specify sending accounts! These can nevertheless be determined from the special properties of ETC digital signatures which I will discuss. Basics ETC transactions

The Ethereum Classic (ETC) blockchain contains "root hashes" that help maintain the integrity of various components of the ETC system. I will describe these root hashes including how to calculate

Tries are tree structures that represent sets of key value pairs in software. Tries are composed of connected nodes that store key values. Different nodes imply different keys based on their positions.

Ethereum Classic (ETC) uses Recursive Length Prefix (RLP) encoding. I will describe RLP and how it is used in ETC. Introduction Serialization is the process of encoding data structures into byte sequences.

A Walk Through Ethereum Classic Digital Signature Code Ethereum Classic (ETC) digital signatures secure transactions. These involve elliptic curve cryptography and the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature

Many initiatives are raising capital with initial coin offerings (ICOs). The Ethereum (ETH) project raised 18 million dollars and the DAO project raised 150 million dollars! Furthermore, the entire blockchain

Introduction Interactions with the Ethereum Classic (ETC) system depend on special numbers referred to as public keys and private keys. Private keys are used to transfer funds, install programs, and, run

The Ethereum Classic (ETC) blockchain makes possible an unstoppable, reliable, auditable, trustless and secure world computer. To understand this system, it is important to understand accounts and states.

Eyan Ron in A New Era of Blockchain Immutability - Towards a New Understanding brilliantly describes two types of blockchain system immutability: historical and procedural. I will show how these distinctions

Ethereum Classic (ETC) blockchain explorers are convenient sources of information about the ETC blockchain. They may appear complex, but, it is relatively easy to build your own! Creating an ETC blockchain

I recently discussed the new Viper smart contract programming language with Ethereum's Vitalik Buterin. Viper is similar to Python and provides more features and protections than Serpent. One of many

I recently interviewed the person who started Ethereum Classic (ETC). His motives are admirable. His reason for wishing to remain anonymous is a reminder of why blockchain technologies are important. Here

Introduction The Domain Name System (DNS) maps domains to Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. Governments, corporations and other entities have attempted to censor this system for various reasons. Therefore,

Proposal Here are some proposed Ethereum Classic (ETC) conventions to improve communication and avoid expensive mistakes: Refer to the currency as "ETC". Avoid the term "ether" whenever

SHA3 Description The Secure Hash Algorithm 3 (SHA3) functions are referred to as SHA3-224, SHA3-256 and SHA3-512. The hash sizes are the same as SHA2. Therefore, SHA3 can easily replace SHA2 should that

Serpent is a smart contract language based on Python. Python is arguably the best language for beginning programmers, and, the most productive language for serious developers. Serpent is currently being

The Problem Millions of people search the Internet, government databases, private databases and blockchains everyday for medical advice, financial updates, weather reports, maps and more. Likewise, millions

"The phrase 'one-way hash function' might sound arcane and geeky, but hash functions are the workhorses of modern cryptography." — Bruce Schneier Hash Functions Hash functions are functions with