CANCER CAUSES AND PREVENTION

Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.Not all tumors are cancerous. benign tumors do not spread to other parts of the body.Possible signs and symptoms include a lump, abnormal bleeding, prolonged cough, unexplained weight loss and a change in bowel movements.While these symptoms may indicate cancer, they may have other causes.Over 100 types of cancers affect humans.

Cancers are a large family of diseases that involve abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.They form a subset of neoplasms.

Smoking& Alcohol.

Tobacco use is the cause of about 22% of cancer deaths.Another 10% is due to obesity, poor diet, lack of physical activity, and excessive drinking of alcohol. Other factors include certain infections, exposure to ionizing radiation and environmental pollutants.In the developing world nearly 20% of cancers are due to infections such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human papillomavirus infection.These factors act, at least partly, by changing the genes of a cell.Typically many genetic changes are required before cancer develops.Approximately 5–10% of cancers are due to inherited genetic defects from a person's parents.

Diet and exercise

Diet, physical inactivity and obesity are related to up to 30–35% of cancer deaths.

Physical inactivity is believed to contribute to cancer risk, not only through its effect on body weight but also through negative effects on the immune system and endocrine system.More than half of the effect from diet is due to overnutrition (eating too much), rather than from eating too few vegetables or other healthful foods.

Infection:

Worldwide approximately 18% of cancer deaths are related to infectious diseases.

Viruses are the usual infectious agents that cause cancer but cancer bacteria and parasites may also play a role.

https://thumb1.shutterstock.com/display_pic_with_logo/4097947/536117293/stock-photo-cancer-cell-among-healthy-cells-536117293.jpg

Radiation.

Up to 10% of invasive cancers are related to radiation exposure, including both ionizing radiation and non-ionizing ultraviolet radiation.

Heredity.

The vast majority of cancers are non-hereditary (sporadic). Hereditary cancers are primarily caused by an inherited genetic defect. Less than 0.3% of the population are carriers of a genetic mutation that has a large effect on cancer risk and these cause less than 3–10% of cancer.

Prevention.

Cancer prevention is defined as active measures to decrease cancer risk. The vast majority of cancer cases are due to environmental risk factors. Many of these environmental factors are controllable lifestyle choices. Thus, cancer is generally preventable.Between 70% and 90% of common cancers are due to environmental factors and therefore potentially preventable.

Greater than 30% of cancer deaths could be prevented by avoiding risk factors including: tobacco, excess weight/obesity, insufficient diet, physical inactivity, alcohol, sexually transmitted infections and air pollution.Not all environmental causes are controllable, such as naturally occurring background radiation and cancers caused through hereditary genetic disorders and thus are not preventable via personal behavior.

1.Dietary.

While many dietary recommendations have been proposed to reduce cancer risks, the evidence to support them is not definitive. The primary dietary factors that increase risk are obesity and alcohol consumption. Diets low in fruits and vegetables and high in red meat have been implicated . Coffee is associated with a reduced risk of liver cancer.Studies have linked excess consumption of red or processed meat to an increased risk of breast cancer, colon cancer and pancreatic cancer, a phenomenon that could be due to the presence of carcinogens in meats cooked at high temperatures.In 2015 the IARC reported that eating processed meat (e.g., bacon, ham, hot dogs, sausages) and, to a lesser degree, red meat was linked to some cancers.

2.Medication

Medications can be used to prevent cancer in a few circumstances. Aspirin has been found to reduce the risk of death from cancer by about 7%.daily use of tamoxifen or raloxifene reduce the risk of breast cancer in high-risk women.[108] The benefit versus harm for 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor such as finasteride is not clear.

3.Vaccination.

Vaccines have been developed that prevent infection by some carcinogenic viruses. Human papillomavirus vaccine (Gardasil and Cervarix) decrease the risk of developing cervical cancer. The hepatitis B vaccine prevents infection with hepatitis B virus and thus decreases the risk of liver cancer.The administration of human papillomavirus and hepatitis B vaccinations is recommended when resources allow.

4.Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is the treatment of cancer with one or more cytotoxic anti-neoplastic drugs (chemotherapeutic agents) as part of a standardized regimen. The term encompasses a variety of drugs, which are divided into broad categories such as alkylating agents and antimetabolites.Traditional chemotherapeutic agents act by killing cells that divide rapidly, a critical property of most cancer cells.

Targeted therapy is a form of chemotherapy that targets specific molecular differences between cancer and normal cells. The first targeted therapies blocked the estrogen receptor molecule, inhibiting the growth of breast cancer. Another common example is the class of Bcr-Abl inhibitors, which are used to treat chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).Currently, targeted therapies exist for breast cancer, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, prostate cancer, melanoma and other cancers.

The efficacy of chemotherapy depends on the type of cancer and the stage. In combination with surgery, chemotherapy has proven useful in cancer types including breast cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, osteogenic sarcoma, testicular cancer, ovarian cancer and certain lung cancers. Chemotherapy is curative for some cancers, such as some leukemias ineffective in some brain tumors.and needless in others, such as most non-melanoma skin cancers.The effectiveness of chemotherapy is often limited by its toxicity to other tissues in the body. Even when chemotherapy does not provide a permanent cure, it may be useful to reduce symptoms such as pain or to reduce the size of an inoperable tumor in the hope that surgery will become possible in the future.

https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/breast-cancer-signs-symptoms-stage-risk-377592760?src=kM2QP1iTPFFbRnqXoHRqCw-1-96

5.Radiation.

Radiation therapy involves the use of ionizing radiation in an attempt to either cure or improve symptoms. It works by damaging the DNA of cancerous tissue, killing it. To spare normal tissues (such as skin or organs, which radiation must pass through to treat the tumor), shaped radiation beams are aimed from multiple exposure angles to intersect at the tumor, providing a much larger dose there than in the surrounding, healthy tissue. As with chemotherapy, cancers vary in their response to radiation therapy.

Radiation therapy is used in about half of cases. The radiation can be either from internal sources (brachytherapy) or external sources. The radiation is most commonly low energy x-rays for treating skin cancers, while higher energy x-rays are used for cancers within the body.Radiation is typically used in addition to surgery and or chemotherapy. For certain types of cancer, such as early head and neck cancer, it may be used alone.For painful bone metastasis, it has been found to be effective in about 70% of patients.

6.Surgery.

Surgery is the primary method of treatment for most isolated, solid cancers and may play a role in palliation and prolongation of survival. It is typically an important part of definitive diagnosis and staging of tumors, as biopsies are usually required. In localized cancer, surgery typically attempts to remove the entire mass along with, in certain cases, the lymph nodes in the area. For some types of cancer this is sufficient to eliminate the cancer.

Palliative care refers to treatment that attempts to help the patient feel better and may be combined with an attempt to treat the cancer. Palliative care includes action to reduce physical, emotional, spiritual and psycho-social distress. Unlike treatment that is aimed at directly killing cancer cells, the primary goal of palliative care is to improve quality of life.

https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/breast-cancer-signs-symptoms-stage-risk-377592760?src=kM2QP1iTPFFbRnqXoHRqCw-1-96

Conclusion.

Healty living is main point, that we should aviod lazy lifestyle and do excercise daily and medidation and avoid junk food. Try to live natural life. Add furits and vegetables in our daily diet. Keep our envionmet clean, cleanleness is major issue in this regard.

Spreading knowledge about this killer dieasese may save someone,s life.

https://thumb1.shutterstock.com/display_pic_with_logo/4097947/591898733/stock-photo-gene-therapy-for-cancer-treatment-concept-cancer-therapy-with-t-cell-and-pipette-591898733.jpg

CANCER CAUSES AND PREVENTION

Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.Not all tumors are cancerous. benign tumors do not spread to other parts of the body.Possible signs and symptoms include a lump, abnormal bleeding, prolonged cough, unexplained weight loss and a change in bowel movements.While these symptoms may indicate cancer, they may have other causes.Over 100 types of cancers affect humans.

Cancers are a large family of diseases that involve abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.They form a subset of neoplasms.

Smoking& Alcohol.

Tobacco use is the cause of about 22% of cancer deaths.Another 10% is due to obesity, poor diet, lack of physical activity, and excessive drinking of alcohol. Other factors include certain infections, exposure to ionizing radiation and environmental pollutants.In the developing world nearly 20% of cancers are due to infections such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human papillomavirus infection.These factors act, at least partly, by changing the genes of a cell.Typically many genetic changes are required before cancer develops.Approximately 5–10% of cancers are due to inherited genetic defects from a person's parents.

Diet and exercise

Diet, physical inactivity and obesity are related to up to 30–35% of cancer deaths.

Physical inactivity is believed to contribute to cancer risk, not only through its effect on body weight but also through negative effects on the immune system and endocrine system.More than half of the effect from diet is due to overnutrition (eating too much), rather than from eating too few vegetables or other healthful foods.

Infection:

Worldwide approximately 18% of cancer deaths are related to infectious diseases.

Viruses are the usual infectious agents that cause cancer but cancer bacteria and parasites may also play a role.

https://thumb1.shutterstock.com/display_pic_with_logo/4097947/536117293/stock-photo-cancer-cell-among-healthy-cells-536117293.jpg

Radiation.

Up to 10% of invasive cancers are related to radiation exposure, including both ionizing radiation and non-ionizing ultraviolet radiation.

Heredity.

The vast majority of cancers are non-hereditary (sporadic). Hereditary cancers are primarily caused by an inherited genetic defect. Less than 0.3% of the population are carriers of a genetic mutation that has a large effect on cancer risk and these cause less than 3–10% of cancer.

Prevention.

Cancer prevention is defined as active measures to decrease cancer risk. The vast majority of cancer cases are due to environmental risk factors. Many of these environmental factors are controllable lifestyle choices. Thus, cancer is generally preventable.Between 70% and 90% of common cancers are due to environmental factors and therefore potentially preventable.

Greater than 30% of cancer deaths could be prevented by avoiding risk factors including: tobacco, excess weight/obesity, insufficient diet, physical inactivity, alcohol, sexually transmitted infections and air pollution.Not all environmental causes are controllable, such as naturally occurring background radiation and cancers caused through hereditary genetic disorders and thus are not preventable via personal behavior.

1.Dietary.

While many dietary recommendations have been proposed to reduce cancer risks, the evidence to support them is not definitive. The primary dietary factors that increase risk are obesity and alcohol consumption. Diets low in fruits and vegetables and high in red meat have been implicated . Coffee is associated with a reduced risk of liver cancer.Studies have linked excess consumption of red or processed meat to an increased risk of breast cancer, colon cancer and pancreatic cancer, a phenomenon that could be due to the presence of carcinogens in meats cooked at high temperatures.In 2015 the IARC reported that eating processed meat (e.g., bacon, ham, hot dogs, sausages) and, to a lesser degree, red meat was linked to some cancers.

2.Medication

Medications can be used to prevent cancer in a few circumstances. Aspirin has been found to reduce the risk of death from cancer by about 7%.daily use of tamoxifen or raloxifene reduce the risk of breast cancer in high-risk women.[108] The benefit versus harm for 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor such as finasteride is not clear.

3.Vaccination.

Vaccines have been developed that prevent infection by some carcinogenic viruses. Human papillomavirus vaccine (Gardasil and Cervarix) decrease the risk of developing cervical cancer. The hepatitis B vaccine prevents infection with hepatitis B virus and thus decreases the risk of liver cancer.The administration of human papillomavirus and hepatitis B vaccinations is recommended when resources allow.

4.Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is the treatment of cancer with one or more cytotoxic anti-neoplastic drugs (chemotherapeutic agents) as part of a standardized regimen. The term encompasses a variety of drugs, which are divided into broad categories such as alkylating agents and antimetabolites.Traditional chemotherapeutic agents act by killing cells that divide rapidly, a critical property of most cancer cells.

Targeted therapy is a form of chemotherapy that targets specific molecular differences between cancer and normal cells. The first targeted therapies blocked the estrogen receptor molecule, inhibiting the growth of breast cancer. Another common example is the class of Bcr-Abl inhibitors, which are used to treat chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).Currently, targeted therapies exist for breast cancer, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, prostate cancer, melanoma and other cancers.

The efficacy of chemotherapy depends on the type of cancer and the stage. In combination with surgery, chemotherapy has proven useful in cancer types including breast cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, osteogenic sarcoma, testicular cancer, ovarian cancer and certain lung cancers. Chemotherapy is curative for some cancers, such as some leukemias ineffective in some brain tumors.and needless in others, such as most non-melanoma skin cancers.The effectiveness of chemotherapy is often limited by its toxicity to other tissues in the body. Even when chemotherapy does not provide a permanent cure, it may be useful to reduce symptoms such as pain or to reduce the size of an inoperable tumor in the hope that surgery will become possible in the future.

https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/breast-cancer-signs-symptoms-stage-risk-377592760?src=kM2QP1iTPFFbRnqXoHRqCw-1-96

5.Radiation.

Radiation therapy involves the use of ionizing radiation in an attempt to either cure or improve symptoms. It works by damaging the DNA of cancerous tissue, killing it. To spare normal tissues (such as skin or organs, which radiation must pass through to treat the tumor), shaped radiation beams are aimed from multiple exposure angles to intersect at the tumor, providing a much larger dose there than in the surrounding, healthy tissue. As with chemotherapy, cancers vary in their response to radiation therapy.

Radiation therapy is used in about half of cases. The radiation can be either from internal sources (brachytherapy) or external sources. The radiation is most commonly low energy x-rays for treating skin cancers, while higher energy x-rays are used for cancers within the body.Radiation is typically used in addition to surgery and or chemotherapy. For certain types of cancer, such as early head and neck cancer, it may be used alone.For painful bone metastasis, it has been found to be effective in about 70% of patients.

6.Surgery.

Surgery is the primary method of treatment for most isolated, solid cancers and may play a role in palliation and prolongation of survival. It is typically an important part of definitive diagnosis and staging of tumors, as biopsies are usually required. In localized cancer, surgery typically attempts to remove the entire mass along with, in certain cases, the lymph nodes in the area. For some types of cancer this is sufficient to eliminate the cancer.

Palliative care refers to treatment that attempts to help the patient feel better and may be combined with an attempt to treat the cancer. Palliative care includes action to reduce physical, emotional, spiritual and psycho-social distress. Unlike treatment that is aimed at directly killing cancer cells, the primary goal of palliative care is to improve quality of life.

https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/breast-cancer-signs-symptoms-stage-risk-377592760?src=kM2QP1iTPFFbRnqXoHRqCw-1-96

Conclusion.

Healty living is main point, that we should aviod lazy lifestyle and do excercise daily and medidation and avoid junk food. Try to live natural life. Add furits and vegetables in our daily diet. Keep our envionmet clean, cleanleness is major issue in this regard.

Spreading knowledge about this killer dieasese may save someone,s life.

https://thumb1.shutterstock.com/display_pic_with_logo/4097947/591898733/stock-photo-gene-therapy-for-cancer-treatment-concept-cancer-therapy-with-t-cell-and-pipette-591898733.jpg

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