ᏣᎳᎩ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ ᏗᏕᏠᏆᏍᏙᏗ Cherokee Language Dictionary ɂ verb stems Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma Dictionary Ꭴ ᎤᏩᎫᎴᎦ [u¹wa²ku²³le³²ga] {ɂ} (vi) “he’s belching, burping” ᎠᎩᎫᎴᎦ [a¹gi²ku²³le³²ga] ᎤᏩᎫᎴᏨᎢ

Raven Edits, ɂ-stems: ᎤᏩᎧᎭ [uwakạha] (vi) “He has it (something alive).” ᎠᎩᎧᎠ [a¹gikạɂa] ᎤᏩᎧᎮᏍᏛᎢ [uwakạhesdv²³ɂi] ᎤᏩᎧᎰᎢ [uwakạho³ɂi] ᏣᎧᎮᏍᏗ [tsakạhesdi] ᎤᏩᎪᏗ [uwakdi] ᎦᎳᎯ [gạlahi] (vi) “He is climbing (up).”

In the following sentence, where "this" is being used to refer to the previously mention "matter", the Cherokee is also using "Ꮵ-" (before referenced) to clearly indicate

ᎠᎦᏬᎥᎢ [] “He was being baptized.” ᎠᎦᏬᏐᎢ [] “He habitually baptized.” ᎠᎦᏬᎡᎢ ᏗᎨᎦᏬᏍᏗᏱ ᏕᎨᎦᏬᎥᎩ “They were baptized.” ᏕᎨᎦᏬᏍᏔᏅᎩ ᏤᎦᏬᎥᎯ ᎨᏒ “were baptized to” ᏂᎦᏛ ᏕᎨᎦᏬᏍᎨ “all were baptized” ᎠᎵᏟᎭ [a¹lị²dlị³ha] (vi)

Without ☞ The Ꮒ- prefix can be combined with the special suffix -ᎥᎾ (-v⁴nạ) on past events to create a “without” meaning. ᎤᏬᏂᏒᎢ. “He/she spoke.” ᏄᏬᏂᏒᎾ. (Ꮒ + ᎤᏬᏂᏒᎢ + ᎥᎾ.) “Without him speaking it.” ᏣᎳᎩ

Will do… If you take the Remote Past form and then add the special prefix “dạ-” and replace the “-vi” ending with “-ị” you create the Completive Future form. If the Present Tense form uses “Set A” pronouns,

Will be doing… If you take the Present Habitual form and replace the ending “-o³ɂi” with “-e³sdi” you end up with the Future Progressive form. This form indicates an action that will be ongoing at a certain

Where… ᎠᏂ, ᎠᎭᏂ, ᎾᎿ, ᎤᎿ, ᎠᎨ The words ᎠᎭᏂ (here), ᎾᎿ (that place there), ᎤᎿ (there), and ᎠᎨ (over there) can also be used to indicate location like the English “where he”, “where she”, and “where they”

Was doing… If you take the Present Habitual form and replace the ending “-o³ɂi” with “-v³ɂi” or “-e³ɂi” you create the Past Progressive form. This form indicates an action that was ongoing at a certain

Used to… Cherokee does not have a word construct that directly translates as “used to do”. If you want to indicate that someone or something used to do something, and does not currently do it, you create

To… For… (Applicative) (Dative) To indicate that something is being done to someone else or being done for someone else, you take the past tense form and add one of the following special “doing for” endings.

Something already referenced… The prefix Ꮵ- is used to refer to either a known and experienced point in time, or when referring back to something specific that was previously mentioned. This prefix works

Since… Ꭶ- is used to indicate a period of time has occurred (or will have occurred) since the start of an event. This prefix goes just before the bound pronoun, after Ꮥ/Ꮧ. Add the prefix Ꭶ-, being careful

Should… Would… This form may be used as a conditional future tense of the Indicative Mood (would), or as a mild expression of the Imperative Mood (should). Take the past tense form and add “-ᎥᎭ”. Uses

Repeatedly (Repetitive) (Frequentative) To indicate that something is being done “over and over” you take the past tense form and add one of the following special endings. These endings are only for “over

Place Of… Location… -Ꭲ, -Ᏹ [-⁴ɂị, -⁴yị] “Place of. Location is usually found at.” This ending allows you to create new words that indicate a place or location. When added to a word that ends in an “-a”,

On… In… Into… -Ꭿ [-⁴hị] “On. In. Into.” This ending allows you to indicate “on or in” for the word you modify. When added to a word that ends in “-a”, the “-a” changes into an “-o”. ☞ Make sure to always

Not is… not was… Use “Ꮭ” and add the prefix “Ᏹ-”. Ᏹ- + Ꮥ- becomes ᏱᏗ- Examples: Ꮭ ᏱᏥᏁᎦ. “I am not speaking.” Ꮭ ᏱᏁᎦ. “You are not speaking.” Ꮭ ᏱᎧᏁᎦ. “He/she is not speaking.”

Not able to… Cannot… See also “Able to…” and “Able to if”. For negative conditional ability, take the Immediate Tense stem and add “Ꮭ” and use prefix “ᏴᎦ-” Note: ᏴᎦ combines with an ᎢᏥ to become ᏴᎨᏥ, combines

Negative commands ᏞᏍᏗ… Ꮵ- To indicate a negative command: Use either “ᏞᏍᏗ (hle²sti)” or “ᎮᏍᏗ (he²sti)” and add the prefix “Ꮵ- (ji²-)” to the Immediate Tense stem. Ꮵ- + Ꮥ- becomes ᏥᏙ- Ꮵ- + Ꮻ- becomes ᏧᏫ-