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Ancient science history is full of disbelievers, with early scientists being burned by the church or even their work recognized only years after those who discovered died. Galileo Galilei probably is the most cited example. The theory of heliocentrism that he proposed was denied by the religious dominance of the time. The Catholic church was dominant at that time ant his theory was contrary the belief that our planet was the center of the universe. His teaching was only accepted after his death. This was in the 16th century, but sill similar things still happen nowadays.

![OJZ2HE0.jpg](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/gwajnberg/AKPjCrw16s74YDi8NqtwGyjarAXsMQVKyby6pPVQuLxvnSuSnq8DMkWMQBZdz7q.jpg)

_{Today a simple knowledge, but in the past we thought that the Earth was the center of the universe. [Free-for-use in FreePik]}

Despite of religion playing a less significant role in society, the scientific community sometimes faces some problems in segregation and bullying those who have new theories. That was the case in the 70s for the Australian doctor Barry Marshall in the 70s. The young doctor found bacteria in the stomach tissues with some sort of inflammation, common in people with an ulcer or gastritis. So at that time he hypothesised that these bacteria could be causing ulcers and gastritis.

The scientific community was against him, treated him like a heretic since common knowledge used to say that only stress and lifestyle were related to these conditions. His articles were rejected and he was isolated from the scientific community. He took a drastic action, and drank a glass with the bacteria, which is the famous nowadays Helicobacter pylori . He got a bad gastritis and was treated with antibiotics, which solved his problem. After some time, science recognized his findings and considered the bacteria as one of the sources of the problem, and in 2005, the doctor got a Nobel prize by his findings.

Recently, we also had the case of Katalin Karikó, who was trying to use messenger RNA as an alternative to vaccines. But since the messenger RNA, when injected in animals, was totally degraded by the immune system antibodies, she lost grants, was demoted by the University of Pennsylvania in 1995, and even some people threatened her to be deported back to Hungary. That changed after she met an immunologist Drew Weissman who helped her to modify the messenger RNA molecule to avoid the immune system vigilance. This technology was used for COVID vaccines and potential uses in other vaccines in development, including for certain cancer types. She also ended up receiving the Nobel prize in 2023 with Dr. Weissman.

![expressive-young-woman-posing-studio.jpg](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/gwajnberg/242hoLqXYVQf5qDxQV3HU8beaPziRb9UsGiHjg6Xh93XRA3o9e1scmePmsXP75K6UwFVh.jpg)

_{It took some time for science to accept that a bacterium could cause ulcers. [Free-for-use in FreePik]}

Scientists in the past suffered with fear during the dark ages without science, nowadays they face other problems such as academic bullying and failing to acquire grants. Too many brilliant minds are unheard and because of a lack of funding, they lose reputation in their universities or institutes. How many cures and important findings are we losing because of that? How many ideas like Dr. Karikó and Dr. Marshal are just dying because they are never being heard and funded? It is sad to see money in science going to the same mouths and the others who bring innovation are not helped.

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A história da ciência antiga está repleta de descrentes, com cientistas pioneiros sendo queimados pela Igreja ou tendo seus trabalhos reconhecidos somente anos após a morte dos descobridores. Galileu Galilei é provavelmente o exemplo mais citado. A teoria do heliocentrismo que ele propôs foi rejeitada pela religião dominante da época. A Igreja Católica era o meio de culto dominante naquele período, e sua teoria contrariava a crença de que nosso planeta era o centro do universo. Seus ensinamentos só foram aceitos após sua morte. Isso ocorreu no século XVI, mas coisas semelhantes ainda acontecem hoje em dia.

![OJZ2HE0.jpg](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/gwajnberg/AKPjCrw16s74YDi8NqtwGyjarAXsMQVKyby6pPVQuLxvnSuSnq8DMkWMQBZdz7q.jpg)

_{Hoje Um conhecimento simples, mas no passado pensávamos que a Terra era o centro do universo. [Uso livre no FreePik]}

Apesar da religião desempenhar um papel menos significativo na sociedade, a comunidade científica às vezes enfrenta problemas de segregação e intimidação contra aqueles que têm novas teorias. Foi o caso do médico australiano Barry Marshall na década de 70. O jovem médico encontrou bactérias nos tecidos do estômago com algum tipo de inflamação, comum em pessoas com úlcera ou gastrite. Então, na época, ele levantou a hipótese de que essas bactérias poderiam estar causando úlceras e gastrite.

A comunidade científica era contra ele, tratando-o como um herege, já que o conhecimento comum dizia que apenas o estresse e o estilo de vida estavam relacionados a essas condições. Seus artigos foram rejeitados e ele foi isolado da comunidade científica. Ele tomou uma atitude drástica e bebeu um copo com a bactéria, que hoje é a famosa Helicobacter pylori. Ele teve uma gastrite grave e foi tratado com antibióticos, o que resolveu seu problema. Depois de algum tempo, a ciência reconheceu suas descobertas e considerou a bactéria como uma das fontes do problema, e em 2005, o médico recebeu o Prêmio Nobel por suas descobertas.

Recentemente, também tivemos o caso de Katalin Karikó, que estava tentando usar o RNA mensageiro como alternativa às vacinas. Mas como o RNA mensageiro, quando injetado em animais, era totalmente degradado pelos anticorpos do sistema imunológico, ela perdeu financiamentos, foi rebaixada pela Universidade da Pensilvânia em 1995 e até mesmo algumas pessoas a ameaçaram de deportação para a Hungria. Isso mudou depois que ela conheceu o imunologista Drew Weissman, que a ajudou a modificar a molécula de RNA mensageiro para evitar a vigilância do sistema imunológico. Essa tecnologia foi usada para vacinas contra a COVID-19 e tem usos potenciais em outras vacinas em desenvolvimento, inclusive para certos tipos de câncer. Ela também acabou recebendo o Prêmio Nobel em 2023 com o Dr. Weissman.

![expressive-young-woman-posing-studio.jpg](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/gwajnberg/242hoLqXYVQf5qDxQV3HU8beaPziRb9UsGiHjg6Xh93XRA3o9e1scmePmsXP75K6UwFVh.jpg)

_{Levou algum tempo para a ciência aceitar que uma bactéria pode causar úlceras. [Uso livre no FreePik]}

No passado, os cientistas sofriam com o medo durante a Idade das Trevas, sem ciência. Hoje em dia, enfrentam outros problemas, como o assédio acadêmico e a dificuldade em obter financiamento. Muitas mentes brilhantes são ignoradas e, por falta de recursos, perdem reputação em suas universidades ou institutos. Quantas curas e descobertas importantes estamos perdendo por causa disso? Quantas ideias como as do Dr. Karikó e do Dr. Marshal estão simplesmente morrendo porque nunca são ouvidas e financiadas? É triste ver o dinheiro da ciência indo para as mesmas bocas, enquanto outros que trazem inovação não recebem ajuda.

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