Poverty is such an economic situation when a person loses the ability to achieve the minimum standard of living and the ability to purchase essential living products due to low income. Natural disasters such as cultural arbitrariness and aggression, population pressure, economic crisis, social and political problems, and floods, tidal waves, drought etc.
In the 1980s, a simple and one-dimensional definition was used in Bangladesh for measuring poverty. According to this definition, poverty is a level of food intake that does not provide a sufficient amount of kilo-calories for energy conservation. The estimation of poverty-stricken population is prepared in a few ways. First, a food list is coordinated between the consumption habits and the expense, which can provide a fixed amount of nutrients, and 2,122 kilo calories & 58 grams of protein per person for every person. Later, the households with a per capita income of 1.25 times less than the cost of the diets are identified as poor & poor families of 85 percent below the poverty line of middle class and fixed income. Generally, the above methods were used to measure the occurrence and level of poverty in rural areas. The initial level of caloric intake in the municipal area's poverty measurement was somewhat higher than the fixed level for the rural area. Of course, due to varying circumstances & policy changes at different times, the initial levels of kilo calories changed at different times. In this process, data and data used for estimation of poverty situation are taken from the survey estimates of the expenditure & expenditure of the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics.
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According to the estimates of the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), 47.1% of the rural population live below the poverty line and 24.6% of people are living below the extreme poverty line. On the other hand, 49.7% of the urban population lives below poverty line and 27.3% under extreme poverty. BBS used the basic demand cost process in 1995 for measuring the occurrence and level of poverty. In this process, poor people are identified as poor and poor in the poor and 35.6% of the population is poor and 53.1% are poor. For multidimensional measurement of poverty, considering institutional facilities & capabilities to deal with many quality factors or variables such as nutrition, health, sewage, safety, housing facilities, drinking water, education, life expectancy, property participation & consumption rights and problems related to poverty or reducing problems. Is. By combining these variable manpower development indicators (HDI) in Bangladesh, the position of Bangladesh in the year 2000 was 132nd. According to the Human Development Improvement Index (HDI) of UN Development Program (UNDP) published in 2007-08, Bangladesh ranked 140th place in the world considering the quality of living. On the other hand, Bangladesh Economic Survey - 2009 report shows that 40% of the people live below the poverty line.
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Since the motivation to come out of poverty and deprivation, our great achievement independence in the beginning, expansion and unity of the freedom struggle and the lifesaving life of 3 million martyrs is the freedom. In the wake of independence, the journey of Bangladesh through the disastrous Maha Trakalal is about 76 percent of the people's poverty, food shortage, extreme unemployment, cyclone, floods, droughts, international economic and political crisis (war and oil crisis in the Middle East) and, above all, the devastated infrastructures. Before the establishment of full control of the government, the nation faced a frustrating and negative image in the country and abroad due to the struggle of the class struggle of the revolutionists. Henry Kissinger and his predecessors, 'Bangladesh Basketcases' or bottomless basket, do not get any benefit. In this context, two economists of West (Just Falland and Jack Parkinson), 'Bangladesh A Test Case of Development' commented. If this challenging country can develop, then development will not be impossible for anybody. After four and a half decades, Bangladesh is now recognized as a 'development wonder' by all the pessimists and frustrations of the frustrations. We have upgraded the rate of growth to 7 percent annually. Bangladesh's poverty reduction has been termed 'Oxford Research Group' as 'wonderful'. BMI Research commented, "Bangladesh is one of 10 emerging markets, which will be the third largest economy in the world. Bangladesh will surpass China's economic growth rate this year (January 1st, 2013, first page). TK Global CEO of PK Agarwal commented that 'Bangladesh is going to emerge as the next economic giant' and they have a government whose achievement it (August 2, 2015, merchant message, page-4). Such quotes can be given numerous, he does not raise the charcoal. Just say, a proud Bangladesh is now passing time on the success of the country. The main indicator of success is how much poverty can be reduced and our latest achievement in this index will be focused on today's discussion. The World Bank Dhaka office recently published 'macro-economic update', where it has been said that the present poverty rate of Bangladesh (in 2016-17 fiscal year) is 12.9 percent, even in the base year 2011, the per capita daily income is US $ 1 decimal (purchasing power) On the basis of equality). World Bank estimates extreme poverty worldwide. Based on the consumption and consumption of poverty, we have estimated 12.1 percent for this year in the seventh fifth year plan, which was 12.9 percent in the last fiscal year. That means there is not much difference between our estimation and the estimation of the World Bank. We measure the two types of poverty rates. Mild poverty rates and extreme poverty rates He is under moderate poverty, whose monthly income is below Tk 1,600 (at the 2010 price) and he is a poor person whose monthly income is below Taka 1,300 (as per the World Bank 1297 per month monthly). In the current fiscal year, there are 23.5 percent below our high poverty line & 12.1 percent below poverty line or extreme poverty line. In 2005 our poverty rate was 40.4 percent, it dropped down to 23.5 percent. In the last decade, 58 percent decreased. Every year since 2005, the rate decreased to 5.82 percent. This is a wonderful success to say. Head count is poverty reduction, malnutrition and low weight problems (which are caused due to hunger) will be resolved. To build human resources, it is important to take into account the problems of malnourishment and low weight. In Bangladesh, 16 percent of the population is malnourished & 33 percent of the children are still underweight. This low weight rate was 66 percent in 1990. The low birth weight of children is 43% in India, 32 in Pakistan & 26% in Sri Lanka. That means we are rapidly losing hunger problems.
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Now we want to see, what was the driving force in Bangladesh to undoubtedly reduce poverty. In the first place, increase in per capita income, which comes from incremental growth in annual increments. Our per capita income has risen surprisingly. In 2002-2006, the per capita annual income was $ 447, which increased by 3.13 times in a decade to $ 1,466 in 2015-16 fiscal year. Poverty decreased by a percentage of 9.33 percent in 1 percent growth. Rapid increase in per capita income has increased from the national income & this national income has increased as a 'magic' in reducing poverty.
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In rural and rural areas, the widespread distribution of the road and the electrification (86 percent of the households are now under the electricity connection), the creation of widespread non-agricultural employment in the rural areas, which played a role in reducing poverty. The establishment of fishery farm, poultry farms, cattle farming, especially in agriculture, has expanded in rural areas, which has created employment and has been instrumental in reducing poverty. Expatriate income has played an active role in the development of non-agricultural business and 'agricultural business' in rural areas. In the year 2002-06, the average expatriate income was 3 billion US dollars a year and in the year 2011-15 (during the sixth Five-Year Plan) the average expatriate income increased 14 billion dollars. With huge advances in the economy, expenditure in social sector and social security sector has played a significant role in reducing poverty and the spread of poverty. In 2008, 13 percent of the poor families were covered under the Social Security Program, which was increased to 25 percent in 2015. Now the number of adult beneficiaries is 31 lakh 50 thousand, the number of widows & destitute women beneficiaries is 11 lakh 50 thousand this year, the number of beneficiaries of the VGD program increased from 2.5 lakh to 10 lakhs, maternal allowance 5 lakhs, the number of disabled disabled beneficiaries 7 lakh 50 thousand, which has been increased by 25 percent this year. Such beneficiaries include freedom fighters, lactating mothers, hijra people, Vedas, ethnic groups. The government has adopted the Integrated Social Protection Strategy Scheme in 2015, which will gradually include all the poor populace. In the meantime, the 'Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics' is creating the 'Householding Database', where there will be information of all the poor families, so that no one can take advantage of social protection from those who should get it. I mentioned these information that due to the widespread economic progress, the government has been increasing the allocation for the budget by prominently in social sector & also strengthening the social security program which will bring the country down to zero in the year 2030 & there will be no poverty in the country. This year, the allocation for the social security sector is 45 thousand 230 crore, which is 12 percent of the budget. Many NGOs participated in the Government Poverty Alleviation Program. NGOs contribute to poverty reduction.
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Although the government is going ahead with a long-term aim to strengthen economic growth and implement various programs for social security (currently small-scale 142 programs implemented through 22 ministries), totally reducing poverty is not completely challenging. The big challenge is that, in the numbers, there are still 337 million people below the poverty line, which is huge in any judgment. The number of poor still 1 million 94 million. There are 103 countries in the world, whose population is below 1 billion. There are a number of 'risky families' on the other side of the poverty line, which is followed by cyclones, floods, droughts, diseases, and poverty. The number of families of this fluctuating is more than one and a half million. Therefore, the challenge is not a recurring problem, but rather a lot of ideas about such a success. The poverty rate has decreased nationally, but somewhere regional poverty is still strong. For example, the poverty rate in Kurigram is 63% (National poverty rate of 23.5%). The number of poor people is 44 percent. High rate of poverty still exists in Patuakhali, Khulna and Rajshahi. There are 158 upazilas in the country, where mild poverty rates are still rising. And extreme poverty is increasing so far in 144 upazilas. Poverty in the Meghna basin of Sylhet, Moulvibazar and Comilla regions is increasing. There are many truths covered by the national average, and so on. By reducing regional discrimination, we want to develop as a prosperous nation with equitable, low caste discrimination. Otherwise, there is a possibility of social crisis and development is not sustainable. In this reality, the importance of regional development has been given in the seventh fifth plan. Proposals have been proposed to constitute 'undeveloped region special fund'. Due to the lack of infrastructures in underdeveloped upazila or districts, there is backwardness of electricity, the rate of education is low, expatriate workers are sent in these upazilas very little. These issues should be viewed with special emphasis, otherwise the poverty of these areas will not decrease, but now it will continue to grow as it is growing. In social security, we also emphasize that creating opportunities for the education of poor and technical education. Free book programs are highly praised by the government. There is more expenditure on education including food and clothing, which the poor family can not bear. Therefore, it is necessary for poor children to make scholarship in primary and secondary level. On the regional basis, we have to go through the review. Not only sector-based, our budget allocation needs to be based on region-based 'especially on the basis of poverty rate index'. To get the latest realistic view of poverty, the results of the 'Khana Income-Survey Survey', which are in 2015-16, must be released quickly. The latest poverty situation & movement can be known in this regard.
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Poverty alleviation in Bangladesh is still a challenge. To deal with poverty, proper planning, state & political commitment & concentration, above all, efficient & integrated realistic initiatives & activities.
