The use of probiotics in the feeding of broiler chickens

The use of probiotics in Moderna poultry farming has emerged as a promising and sustainable alternative to the dependence on antibiotics as growth promoters. historically, antibiotics have been used to improve gut health and feed conversion efficiency in chickens, but concerns about antimicrobial resistance and food safety have driven the search for more natural and safe solutions. In this context, probiotics, which are beneficial live microorganisms, have positioned themselves as a key tool to optimize the production of broilers.

The main mechanism of action of probiotics lies in their ability to modulate and stabilize the intestinal microbiota of birds, a healthy intestine, with an adequate balance of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, is essential for efficient digestion and optimal absorption of nutrients. By competing with pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella and E. coli for adhesion sites on the intestinal epithelium and for nutrients, probiotics prevent their proliferation and reduce the risk of diseases.

In addition, probiotics also have a direct effect on intestinal health through the production of antimicrobial substances. Some strains of probiotic bacteria are capable of secreting organic acids, such as lactic acid and acetic acid, which lower the intestinal pH, creating an unfavorable environment for the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. This acidic environment not only helps to control harmful bacteria, but also improves the activity of digestive enzymes of birds.

The use of probiotics results in a remarkable improvement of the productive parameters in broiler chickens, numerous studies have shown that supplementation with these microorganisms leads to a significant increase in weight gain, a better feed conversion and a reduction in the mortality rate. These results are due to the optimization of digestion and the reduction of physiological stress caused by the presence of pathogens, which allows the bird to allocate more energy to its growth.

The integrity of the intestinal epithelium is another crucial aspect that is benefited by the action of probiotics, a strong and well-developed intestinal barrier prevents the translocation of bacteria and toxins into the bloodstream, which decreases the workload of the immune system. By strengthening the intestinal villi, probiotics not only improve the absorption of nutrients, but also stimulate the local immune system of the intestine, preparing the bird for a better response to future health challenges.

The administration of probiotics can be carried out in various ways, the most common being the inclusion in food or drinking water. The choice of the probiotic strain and the dose are critical factors to ensure the effectiveness of the treatment. It is important to select strains that are viable in the gastrointestinal tract of birds, resistant to gastric juices and with a high colonization capacity.

However, the success of the use of probiotics does not depend solely on their presence, but is also influenced by factors such as feed quality, environmental conditions and the general management of the farm, for this reason, the most effective approach is the use of probiotics within the framework of a comprehensive biosecurity program and adequate nutrition. The combination of probiotics with prebiotics (non-digestible substrates that stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria) in symbiotic formulations has also shown superior results.

In conclusion, probiotics represent a valuable and sustainable tool for poultry production, by improving intestinal health, strengthening the immune system and optimizing production parameters, they offer a viable alternative to growth-promoting antibiotics. Its successful implementation requires careful selection of strains, correct dosing and integration with high-quality management and nutrition practices, thus contributing to a more efficient, safe and respectful poultry farming with animal welfare and public health.