Proteinuria (protein in the urine) can be cause by a glomerular problem or a tubular problem #health #proteinuria #kidney #glomerulus #tubule

This post is showing the neutral aminoacid transport. In the basolateral membrane: The Na/K ATPase, which brings 2 potassium ions into the cell and releases 3 sodium ions into the interstitial space. The

This post is showing the organic anion transport. The Na/K ATPase, which brings 2 potassium ions into the cell and releases 3 sodium ions into the interstitial space. The sodium/dicarboxylate cotransporter

Here, we show the following in the apical membrane of the S1 segment of the proximal tubule. The NaPi-IIa cotransporter, which brings 3 sodium ions with 1 HPO42- The NaPi-IIc cotransporter, which brings

In this post, I show that the glucose reabsorption in the S1 segment of the proximal tubule occurs when glucose enters the S1 tubular cell from the fltrate via the SLGT2 (sodium/glucose cotransporter).

This is the second edition of the Renal Tubular Transport #1. S1 Segment, Proximal Tubule. Sodium Transport 1 (Sodium/Hydrogen Ion Transport) Click here for the 1st Edition. I have added a reference and

In this post, I show that the magnesium reabsorption in the S1 segment of the proximal tubule is achieved through the paracellular way, by solvent drag and by the positive voltage created in the luminal

In this post, I show that the water reabsorption is achieved through the aquaporin-1 (AQP1) channel in the S1 segment. This channel is present in the apical and basolateral membranes. AQP7 is present in

Here, I show the paracellular movement of calcium in the proximal tubule. Up to 65% of the calcium is reabsorbed at this level. The paracellular (around the cells) movement of calcium could be through

Here, I show the paracellular movement of potassium in the proximal tubule. Up to 65% of the potassium is reabsorbed at this level. The paracellular movement of potassium could be through solvent drag

Here, I show the different types of potassium channels that exist in a proximal tubular cell, based on their conductance and in their apical or basolateral locations. I am also showing the Na+/K+ ATPase,

This is the second edition of the Renal Tubular Transport #2. S1 Segment, Proximal Tubule. Sodium Transport 2 (Sodium/Phosphate Transport) Click here for the 1st Edition. I have improved the number of

Most of amino acid reabsorption occurs in the proximal tubule. Amino acids are divided into basic (cationic), neutral, and acidic (anionic). The sodium coupled transporters are mentioned in this post and

As we I have said before, from all the filtered sodium, about 65% is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule. The engine of this is the Na/K ATPase at the basolateral membrane of the tubular cell. This is an

This post is showing the sodium transport coupled with the transport of the lactate ion in the apical membrane of the S1 segment of the proximal tubule. Monocarboxylates like L-lactate, propionate, butyrate,

This post is showing the sodium transport coupled with the transport of the sulfate ion in the apical membrane of the S1 segment of the proximal tubule. The Na/K ATPase, which brings 2 potassium ions into

This post is showing the sodium transport at the basolateral membrane. The Na/K ATPase, which brings 2 potassium ions into the cell and releases 3 sodium ions into the interstitial space. The

The same electrochemical gradient generated by the Na/K ATPase mentioned in the previous post serves as the force behind the sodium/phosphate cotransporter Here, we show the following in the apical membrane

From all the filtered sodium, about 65% is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule. The engine of this is the Na/K ATPase at the basolateral membrane of the tubular cell. This is an active transport that requires